| Gynura japonica(Thunb.)Juel.belongs to Asteraceae family and its rhizome or whole plant was used in traditional Yi herbs,which named (?)(Lamogel).According to Yi medicine theory,rhizome or whole plant of Gynura japonica was the effect of dissipating blood stasis,reducing swelling,promoting blood circulation.Schisandra propinqua subsp.sinensis(Oliver).belongs to Schisandraceae family,and its stem or whole plant was used in traditional Yi herbs with the effect of dissipating blood stasis,reducing swelling,promoting blood circulation and reducing phlegm.G.Japonicae and S.propinqua were widely used in Yi herbs and were a long history.For example,both G.Japonicae and S.propinqua were acted as the materials of the combination Yi medicine “Wo Si”,which was widely used in the treatment of gout in Sichuan Province and was protected by national patents.Up to now,the research of G.Japonicae and S.propinqua was mainly about the isolation and identification of chemical constituents and pharmacological analysis of the medicinal position.However,the standards for evaluating the quality of G.Japonicae and S.propinqua were absent.Aims to establish the comprehensive quality standards for the Yi herb of G.Japonicae and S.propinqua,the textual research on ancient Yi medicinal books,identification of original plants,traits,micro-structure,main active ingredients and fingerprints,inorganic element of G.Japonicae and S.propinqua were studied in this project,respectively.The results of this study were expected to provide a reliable method for the quality control of Yi herbs G.Japonicae and S.propinqua.The key research findings were as follows.1.Gynura japonica was recorded in “Southern Yunnan Materia Medica”,“Medicine Standards of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China”(Volume 1 of Chinese Medicinal Materials),and “Standard of Chinese Medicinal Materials of Yunnan Province”(2005 Edition,Vol.4·Yi herbs).According to the records in these medicinal books,the root or whole herbal could be used as medicinal position and could be used alone or mixed with other medicinal herbs.S.propinqua was recorded in the “Dictionary of Chinese Medicine” and “Chinese Materia Medica”,and its whole plant,stem or root could be used for medicinal position and could be used alone or mixed with other medicinal herbs.2.There were a large number of inulin and stone cells in the powder of root of Gynura japonica.There were a large number of crystalline sheath fibers in the powder of S.propinqua.In thin layer chromatography,the extract solution of the Gynura japonica was separated by chloroform-methanol-ammonia(20:2:0.2)mixed solution,and then colored with bismuth potassium iodide solution.The result showed that the same yellow spots could be seen in the corresponding position of the reference substance of Senecionine.In thin layer chromatography,the extract solution of the S.propinqua was separated by ethyl acetate-formic acid-water(16:3:2)mixed solution,and then colored with 5% aluminum trichloride ethanol.The result showed that the same yellow spots could be seen in the corresponding position of the reference substance of Rutin at ultraviolet light(365nm).3.Two compounds,1g of Senecionine and 4 g of Seneciphylline were separated from the acid-water extract of the roots of Gynura japonica for providing important support for the quality marker(Q-marker)of the herb.4.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,water extract,total alkaloid,senecionine,and seneciphylline in Gynura japonica were 8.88%～12.60%,4.43%～11.02%,0.56%～3.45%,21.71%～53.91%,0.15 %～0.39%,0.011%～0.046%,and 0.011%～0.055%,respectively.The moisture,ash,acid-insoluble ash,extract,total alkaloids,senecionin and seneciphylline could be used as the index to comprehensively evaluate the quality of G.japonica.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,water extract,total flavonoid,and Rutin in S.propinqua were6.38%～11.27%,2.93%～6.69%,0.14 %～1.43%,10.34%～20.51%,0.44%～4.43%,and0.01%～0.88%,respectively.The moisture,ash,acid-insoluble ash,extract,total alkaloids,and Rutin could be used as the index to comprehensively evaluate the quality of S.propinqua.5.The HPLC fingerprints of G.japonica and S.propinqua were established,and the analysis of the similarity and common peaks were analyzed by using the Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation software(2004A version).The results showed that the similarity of 15 batches of G.japonica medicinal materials was 0.670～0.998,and 14 common peaks were successfully identified.After comparison with the reference standard,two peaks in the 15 common peaks were senecionine and seneciphylline,respectively.In the same way,the similarity of 13 batches of S.propinqua medicinal materials was 0.410～1,be indicated that the samples differed greatly from different areas.And 10 common peaks were identified and one of them is Rutin.6.28 inorganic elements in G.japonica and S.propinqua were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method.The results showed that the kind of inorganic elements in different parts of in G.japonica are similar,but their contents are different.The content of inorganic elements in G.japonica was leaves>stems> roots,and the inorganic elements in roots were significantly different to which in stems and leaves.The kind of inorganic elements in S.propinqua from different habitats was basically similar,but there were some difference in their content.The average mass fraction of Mg,K and Ca in macroelements was much higher than that of other inorganic elements,and the mass fraction of K was the highest.According to the regulation of heavy metals in Green Standards of Medicinal Plants and Preparations for Foreign Trade and Economy,Pb,Hg,As and Cu were all within limits,while Cd elements were beyond limits in the roots of G.japonica.And in stems and leaves of G.japonica,Pb,Hg and Cu were within limits,while As and Cd elements were beyond limits.In S.propinqua,Cu,As and Hg of all samples met the requirements,while Pb and Cd in Part of the sample exceeded the limits.7.A draft of the quality standard for G.japonica was established as follows: the moisture content ≤ 13.0%,the total ash content ≤ 13.0%,the acid-insoluble ash ≤4.0%,and the dry water extract ≥ 17.0%,the senecionin content ≥ 0.01%,and the seneciphylline content ≥ 0.01%.The draft of the quality standard of S.propinqua was as follows: the moisture content ≤ 13.0%,the total ash content ≤ 9.0%,the acid-insoluble ash ≤ 2.0%,and the dry water extract ≥ 8.0%,and the Rutin content ≥0.1%. |
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