| Objective: Through the investigation of the risk factors of lung cancer in rural areas of Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2019,the distribution of high risk factors in the high-risk population in this area was understood.The situation of the pulmonary nodules population found in the low dose multi-slice spiral CT(LDCT)screening in the area was described,and Objective to analyze the influencing factors of positive nodules,the number of pulmonary nodules and the edge of pulmonary nodules,identify the key population of health education,and to provide effective basic data for the early screening of lung cancer and the prevention and treatment of pulmonary nodules.Research objects and methods: According to the cancer incidence report and death cause monitoring data of Liaoning Province,the residents aged 50-75 years old and without clinical symptoms were investigated by cluster sampling in a rural area of Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2019.After the residents are registered and signed the informed consent form(see Appendix),the basic information survey of residents shall be conducted,including general situation and high-risk factors.The high risk population was selected by the definition method of Chinese high risk group of lung cancer in 2015 trial edition of the technical plan for early diagnosis and early treatment of lung cancer.LDCT examination was performed for the high-risk population,and the distribution of high-risk factors,the occurrence of pulmonary positive nodules,the number of pulmonary nodules and the main influencing factors of the edge shape of pulmonary nodules were analyzed statistically.Results: In this study,a total of 1467 high-risk lung cancer patients were selected according to the national lung cancer high-risk population definition method,and1026 patients who completed LDCT screening were included in the study.1.The basic characteristics of participants: 757 males and 269 females,the ratio of male to female was 2.81:1;The average age was 62.06 ± 12 years old;The average BMI was 24.81 ± 2.87 kg/m2;821 cases(80.02%)had a history of smoking;693cases(67.54%)had a history of exposure to second-hand smoke(accumulated exposure to second-hand smoke in work or living place for more than 10 months);Fuel users(including coal,gas,natural gas and straw)were 712 cases(69.40%);361cases(35.19%)were exposed to kitchen fumes;19 cases(1.85%)had a history of exposure to occupational hazards;156 cases(15.20%)had history of other lung diseases;There were 525 cases(51.17%)with family history of malignant tumor(first degree relatives had pathologically confirmed malignant tumor),including 365 cases(35.58%)with family history of bronchial and pulmonary malignant tumor.2.Basic characteristics of pulmonary nodules: among 1026 patients,133 patients had at least one pulmonary nodule.There were 3 cases of calcified nodules,130 cases of non calcified nodules,99 cases of single nodules and 34 cases of multiple nodules.The number of non calcified nodules detected accounted for 12.67% of LDCT screening.Among the non calcified nodules,111 were positive,accounting for10.82%.3.Distribution of high risk factors: after stratified by gender,the smoking rate of male was higher than that of female,with significant difference(P < 0.05);The exposure rates of second-hand smoke,kitchen fume pollution,fuel use and family history of cancer in women were higher than those in men,and there were significant differences(P < 0.05).After stratified by age,there were significant differences in smoking and history of lung disease(P < 0.05).4.Influencing factors of positive pulmonary nodules: there were significant differences in age and fuel use time between positive and negative pulmonary nodules(P < 0.05).Other risk factors included smoking history,smoking index,second-hand smoke exposure history,kitchen oil smoke exposure history,occupational hazardous factor exposure history,lung disease history and family history of tumor.There was no significant difference between the positive and negative groups.5.The influencing factors of the number of pulmonary nodules and the marginal shape: among the people with pulmonary nodules,there were no significant differences in smoking history,smoking index,second-hand smoke exposure history,kitchen fume exposure history,fuel use history,occupational harmful factor contact history,lung disease history and tumor family history between single and multiple pulmonary nodules groups.There was a significant difference in the high risk factors of lung cancer family history between smooth and irregular groups(P < 0.05).Conclusion: There are gender differences in the distribution of high risk factors except occupational exposure and lung disease;There are age differences in smoking and the prevalence of chronic lung diseases.2.Age and duration of fuel use were the most important risk factors for lung cancer;Family history of lung cancer is a major factor affecting the marginal morphology of pulmonary nodules. |
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