| Objective:From the point of view of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of abdominal pain,this study systematically reviews and collates the relevant ancient literature,and discusses the origin of ancient diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain and the characteristics and rules of acupuncture prescriptions,so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of modern clinical abdominal pain.Methods:(1)The method of literature analysis is used to sort out the evolution process of the name of abdominal pain,and to clarify the development of abdominal pain from symptom name to independent syndrome.(2)Discussing in detail the etiology and pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation diagnosis,treatment and treatment of abdominal pain in different historical periods.(3)Taking historical development as the main line,systematically sort out the representative ancient acupuncture books related to abdominal pain,and explore the theoretical characteristics of acupuncture doctors on abdominal pain in different periods.(4)Collecting the prescription provisions of ancient acupuncture for abdominal pain,use SPSSStatistics23.0 software to count the high-frequency acupoints,meridian tropism,distribution and application of specific acupoints,and study the characteristics of ancient acupuncture prescriptions for abdominal pain.Results:1.The origin of ancient acupuncture in the treatment of abdominal pain is as follows:(1)The period from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Northern and Southern dynasties is the period from the budding to the gradual development of the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion treating abdominal pain.《Huangdi Neijing》proposes that no matter what kind of imbalance between cold and heat of yin and yang causes abdominal pain,Zusanli can be taken to adjust the treatment.The difficult Classic points out that the pulse of abdominal pain is characterized by subtlety.Deficiency of kidney qi can lead to diarrhea,abdominal pain,kidney evil into the heart will lead to small abdominal pain,did not mention the specific acupuncture prescription.With the development of acupuncture and acupoint science in the Han Dynasty,some singlepoint prescriptions for acupuncture and moxibustion for abdominal pain appeared.The existing literature is mainly contained in《 Huangdi Mingtang Jing》.The theoretical research on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of abdominal pain was further developed in the Jin Dynasty.The《Mai Jing》puts forward the "combination of pulse and acupuncture",which associates the meridians of the human body with the pulse of Cunkou,distinguishes the meridians and acupoints,and puts forward that the meridians related to abdominal pain are Zujueyin,Zu Shaoyin,belt channel and Yinqiao.《Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing》puts forward acupuncture prescriptions according to different clinical symptoms of abdominal pain.《Zhouhou Beiji Fang》attaches importance to moxibustion and adopts the principle of "treating symptoms if urgent and curing root causes if slow" in the treatment of abdominal pain.(2)Doctors in Sui and Tang dynasties began to understand abdominal pain from the perspective of etiology.Seven etiology and pathogenesis of abdominal pain are put forward in《Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun》,namely,invasion of deficiency and evil,pathogeny of toxin,injury of atrioventricular,injury of diet,accumulation of seven qi,disorder of qi,imbalance of cold and heat and Ascaris lumbricoides invasion,which enriches the understanding of abdominal pain from the point of view of etiology.On this basis,Sun Simiao put forward more multi-acupoint prescriptions for the treatment of abdominal pain.In《Waitai Miyao Fang》,only attention is paid to moxibustion,which further enriches the theory of moxibustion in treating abdominal pain.(3)During the Song Dynasty,acupuncture and moxibustion flourished and the theory of abdominal pain was further enriched.《Taiping Shenghui Fang》praises the diet prescription for the treatment of abdominal pain and further improves the previous discussion on insect accumulation of abdominal pain.《Sheng Ji Zonglu》details the taboos of acupoints related to abdominal pain and the treatment methods after mistaken needling.《Zhenjiu Zisheng Jing》pays attention to the "affected place",which is a further development of the theory of "difficult menstruation" and "pain as pain" and Sun Simiao’s theory of " ashi point ".(4)The acupuncture and moxibustion medical books of the Yuan dynasties are seldom handed down,but there is still no lack of innovative views on abdominal pain.《Xifang Zi Mingtang Jiu Jing》focuses on moxibustion,which further improves the theory of moxibustion in the treatment of abdominal pain.《Zhenjing Zhinan》gives a detailed description of the location and main treatment of the eight acupoints of Jiaojing,which mentions Gongsun,Neiguan,Lieqian and Zhaohai that can treat abdominal pain.Guanyuan and Zusanli are put forward in 《Zhenjing Zhaiying Ji》for the treatment of abdominal pain,which suggests the embryonic form of the theory of acupuncture and acupoint compatibility.(5)A large number of acupuncture monographs appeared in the Ming and Qing dynasties,especially the study of acupuncture medical books reached its peak.《 Zhenjiu Daquan 》 advocates the application of Neiguan point in Bamaijiaohui point to treat abdominal pain,and《Yang Jingzhai Zhenjiu Quanshu》compiles the prescription of abdominal pain in the form of human pictures.《Zhenjiu Dacheng》collates the essence of acupuncture and moxibustion medical books of past dynasties,compiles a large number of multi-acupoint prescriptions and abdominal pain provisions in acupuncture songs,emphasizing acupuncture-moxibustion-medicine combined with the use of acupuncturemoxibustion-medicine to treat abdominal pain.2.The data mining results of ancient acupuncture prescriptions for abdominal pain are as follows: a total of 280 prescriptions for abdominal pain were included in ancient literature,including 167 prescriptions for single acupoint(59.64%),34 prescriptions for matching acupoints and 79 prescriptions for multiple acupoints,involving 162 acupoints,with a cumulative application frequency of 582 times.among them,the high-frequency acupoints with 20 or more times are Zhongwan(27),Guanyuan(25),Qihai(23),Zusanli(21)and Shenque(20).Thoracic and abdominal acupoints are the most commonly used acupoints for abdominal pain,with a frequency of 221,accounting for 37.97% of the total,followed by lower limbs(169)and low back(98).The application of acupoints in the upper limb is the least,accounting for 16.15% of the total application frequency.In the aspect of meridian tropism,the prescription acupoints involved all 12 meridians,governor meridians and Renmai,and Renmai acupoints were used most frequently,with a total frequency of 146,followed by stomach meridian acupoints(77)and spleen meridian acupoints(73).The cumulative frequency of Ren meridian,stomach meridian and spleen meridian was 50.86%.Specific acupoints were used for 521 times in the prescription.Among them,the Wusu acupoint is the most frequently used,with a cumulative application of 113 times,accounting for 19.42%.Then the rendezvous point and the mu point ranked second and third,respectively,with a frequency of 102 and 81 times,with a frequency of 17.53% and 13.92%,respectively.In the application of acupuncture therapy,moxibustion is the most widely used,followed by acupuncture and ironing.Conclusion:1.In this paper,the ancient theoretical origins of acupuncture and moxibustion for abdominal pain are summarized as follows in the order of dynasties: the word "abdominal pain" first appeared in《Shan Hai Jing·Beishan Jing》.《Huangdi Nei Jing》first put forward acupuncture therapy for abdominal pain.《Huangdi Ming Tang Jing》put forward a large number of single acupoint prescriptions.《Mai Jing》put forward the diagnosis and treatment methods of "combination of pulse and acupuncture",and 《Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing》 began to appear multi-acupoint prescriptions.From Jin Tang to Jin and Yuan dynasties,the theory of moxibustion has gradually developed and prospered,and a large number of moxibustion prescriptions are provided in 《Zhouhou Beiji Fang》,《Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang》and 《Waitai Miyao Fang》.《Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun》enriches the understanding of abdominal pain from the perspective of etiology.《Taiping Shenghui Fang》records the methods of acupuncture and moxibustion of relevant acupoints in more detail.《Sheng Ji Zonglu》records acupoints that should be avoided and treatment methods after wrong acupuncture.《Zhenjiu Zisheng Jing》puts forward that acupuncture and moxibustion for abdominal pain should attach importance to the "affected place".《Xifang Zi Mingtang Jiu Jing》perfectly summarizes the methods of moxibustion for abdominal pain.The《Zhenjing Zhinan》gives a detailed description of the location and main treatment of the eight acupoints of Jiaojing,which mentions that Gongsun,Neiguan,Lieque and Zhaohai can treat abdominal pain.Guanyuan and Zusanli are combined to treat abdominal pain in《Zhenjing Zhaiying Ji》.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the collation and study of predecessors’ experience reached its peak.《Zhenjiu Daquan》 advocated the application of Neiguan point,one of Bamaijiaohui point to treat abdominal pain.《Yang Jingzhai Zhenjiu Quanshu》compiled abdominal pain prescriptions in the form of human pictures.《 Zhenjiu Dacheng 》 collects the representative songs of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of abdominal pain,emphasizing acupuncture-moxibustionmedicine combined with the treatment of abdominal pain.The theory of acupuncture in the treatment of abdominal pain has gradually developed and matured.2.This paper excavates the rules and characteristics of acupoint selection of ancient doctors in the treatment of abdominal pain as follows:(1)In the aspect of acupoint selection along meridians,pay attention to the selection of acupoints in Ren Meridian,stomach Meridian and spleen Meridian;(2)In the aspect of partial acupoint selection,more attention is paid to the selection of acupoints in chest and abdomen,lower limb and low back.The application of acupoints in the upper limb is less.(3)In terms of specific acupoints,Wusu acupoint,Jiaohui acupoint and Mu acupoint are the most frequently used,ranking in the top three.(4)In the application of acupuncture therapy,ancient doctors attached great importance to the application of moxibustion.(5)In the aspect of acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation,ancient physicians carried out from many angles,such as distinguishing cold and heat,deficiency and excess,etiology and so on.(6)The ancient physicians also flexibly used the odd acupoints outside the meridian to treat abdominal pain,but the naming of the odd acupoints outside the meridian was not standard enough.(7)The thought of acupoint compatibility was also reflected in the process of acupoint selection of ancient physicians,but the related records of compatibility theory were scattered. |
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