| ObjectiveTo study the effect of exhaustive state on atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque in ApoE-/-mice and the intervention of resistance exercise。Methods1.Animal grouping and model establishment:Thirty ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by random number table,control group(group C),exhaustion group(group E),anti-resistance + exhaustion group(group R),high-fat feeding,high The fat diet formula is: the main ingredients are 0.15% cholesterol,21% fat and 15.5% protein.All the mice underwent carotid artery cannulation.The group R was followed by 8 weeks of resistance exercise.The other two groups were normal activities.After 8 weeks of resistance exercise,both groups E and R were subjected to 2 weeks of exhaustive swimming.1.1 Resistance exercise: ApoE-/-mouse carotid cannula began 7 days of progressive incremental load ladder training 1 week after surgery.The ladder height is 1.1 meters,the interval is 2 cm,and the angle of inclination is 85°.The first week is adaptive training,starting with no load,increasing the load by 10% of body weight per day(loading the plasticine to the root of the mouse tail),the final load is 70% of the body weight,and the two groups are performed every day.Repeat 3 times,rest within the group for 1 minute,rest between groups for 2 minutes,5 days/week for 8 weeks.1.2 exhaustive swimming: exhaustive swimming using water maze as a swimming pool,the inner wall is smooth,the water temperature is controlled between 32 ± 2℃,room temperature is controlled at 21-23 ℃,relative humidity 40%-60%,water depth is mouse(length + tail length)×1.5 times,the weight of the tail of the mouse is 2%.A warm-up exercise was performed the day before the official experiment to accommodate swimming.Exhaustion standard: The mouse sinks into the bottom of the water for 3 times,each time for more than 10 seconds,can not float to the surface;while observing the physical condition of the mouse,when there is a loss of coordinated motion,it can not be completed on the plane,fish out.Wipe off water after each swim and use a hair dryer to dry the fur.Every time you swim to exhaustion standards.Exhaustive swimming for 2 weeks,1 time / day,immediately after the last exhaustive swimming exercise.2.Materials and observation indicators: After 10 weeks,all the mice were sacrificed to take the common carotid artery.First,paraffin sections were taken,and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the plaque area.Masson staining was used to observe the collagen components.Then,frozen sections and oil red O were observed.Lipid deposition was observed by staining,and the expression of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in carotid plaques was detected by immunohistochemistry.Finally,the vulnerability index of each group of plaques was calculated separately.Serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),and high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)concentrations were measured in each group.Results1.Preliminary successful construction of an animal model that induces plaque rupture by exhaustive swimming simulation exhaustive state2.Effects of exhaustion and resistance exercise on the stability of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque:(1)Comparison of plaque area of three groups: plaque area of group E was significantly larger than group C and group R,and group R was the smallest,p<0.05(p=0.000).(2)Comparison of the thickness of the three groups of fiber caps: the thickness of the fiber cap of the group R was greater than that of the group E and the C group,and the group E was the smallest,p<0.05(p=0.045).(3)Comparison of three groups of lipid deposition: the proportion of group E was greater than that of group C and group R,and the group of group R was the smallest,p<0.05(p=0.000).(4)Comparison of three groups of collagen components: the proportion of group E was smaller than that of group C and group R,and the group R was the largest,p<0.05(p=0.000).(5)Comparison of the expression of local macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells in three groups of carotid plaques: in the local expression of macrophage in the common carotid plaque,group E was larger than group C and group R,and group C was the least expressed,p< 0.05(p=0.000);the expression of local smooth muscle cells in the carotid plaque of group E was less than that of group C and R,and the expression of group R was the most,p<0.05(p=0.000).(6)Comparison of three groups of vulnerability index: The vulnerability index group E was significantly higher than the group C and the group R,and the group R was the smallest,p<0.05(p=0.000).3.Effects of exhaustion and resistance exercise on blood lipid levels:(1)Comparison of three groups of TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C:The overall blood lipid level in group C was higher than that in group E and group R,and the lowest in group R,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).(1)TC: group C(16.91±0.25),group E(16.97±0.22),group R(15.69±0.63),p<0.05(p=0.000).(2)TG: group C(1.14 ± 0.47),group E(1.15 ± 0.44),group R(0.89 ± 0.40),p < 0.05(p = 0.028).(3)LDL-C: group C(18.94±2.64),group E(18.91±2.56),group R(16.43±3.08),p<0.05(p=0.045).(4)HDL-C: group C(5.54±0.53),group E(5.47±0.48),group R(5.99±0.56),p<0.05(p=0.038).ConclusionExhaustive state can induce vulnerable plaque rupture.Anti-resistance exercise as a protective intervention can achieve stable plaque early and its mechanism may be related to reducing macrophage infiltration,inhibiting smooth muscle apoptosis and regulating dyslipidemia. |
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