Physical Activity Of Pregnant Women And Its Influencing Factors Based On Health Promotion Model

Objective:Describe the current situation of physical activity of pregnant women,analyze its influencing factors,and explore the relationship between various influencing factors and physical activity of pregnant women.The aim is to provide reference for the future clinical development of targeted and personalized intervention measures of physical activity during pregnancy,improve the level of physical activity of pregnant women in China,and promote the physical and mental health of mothers and infants.Methods:Taking the health promotion model as the theoretical framework and using a cross-sectional survey,690 pregnant women who underwent routine antenatal examination in a third-class hospital in Bengbu were randomly selected from July to October 2021.The survey tools include: general information questionnaire,international physical activity questionnaire,health belief scale of physical activity during pregnancy,exercise self-efficacy scale,social support scale and anxiety scale of pregnant women.Excel2019 was used to input data,and SPSS25.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Descriptive analysis,χ2 test,rank sum test,Spearman correlation analysis,multiple linear regression and other statistical methods were used for analysis.Results:1.The total energy consumption of maternal physical activity was 10641.000met-min /week,the lowest was 0Met-min /week,and the median was 739.000 Met-min/week.Quartile P25 and P75 were 346.500 met-min /week and 1386.000 met-min /week,respectively.The total time spent on physical activity of different intensity ranged from0 min to 2970 min,with a median of 235 min,105min for P25 and 420 min for P75.According to the individual physical activity level classification standard of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire,the physical activity level of pregnant women: low level 266 cases（38.6%）,medium level 384 cases（55.7%）,high level 40cases（5.8%）.Physical activity level in each pregnancy: 106 cases（15.2%）of pregnant women with low level of physical activity in the first trimester,102 cases（14.8%）of medium level,and only 23 cases（3.3%）of high level.In the second trimester,137（19.9%）pregnant women had moderate physical activity,82（11.9%）and（1.6%）low-level and high-level activities,respectively.In the third trimester,79（11.4%）pregnant women had low levels of physical activity.2.Single factor analysis results of influencing factors of pregnant women’s physical activity showed that there were statistically significant differences in the physical activity energy consumption score of pregnant women’s birth,age,family residence,occupation type,pregnant women’s knowledge of physical activity during pregnancy,and awareness of the necessity of physical activity during pregnancy（P<0.05）.There was a negative correlation between anxiety symptoms and physical activity in pregnant women（P<0.05）.Perceived benefits of physical activity,exercise self-efficacy and social support were positively correlated with physical activity status of pregnant women（P<0.05）.3.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that family residence,parity,exercise self-efficacy,knowledge of physical activity during pregnancy and perceived benefits accounted for 5.8% of the total variation of physical activity of pregnant women.The physical activity status of pregnant women whose family resides in rural areas,young,not on the job and with severe anxiety symptoms is not good;the physical activity status of primary parturients is not as good as that of parturients.The higher the level of exercise self-efficacy,the higher the level of physical activity of pregnant women;the higher the level of awareness of physical activity during pregnancy,the better the physical activity of pregnant women.Conclusion:The physical activity of pregnant women is not good,and the level of physical activity still needs to be improved.According to the guidance of health promotion model,this study explored that the main influencing factors of physical activity of pregnant women were family residence,parity,exercise self-efficacy,knowledge of physical activity during pregnancy and perceived benefits.related factors include age,occupation,awareness of the necessity of physical activity during pregnancy,anxiety and social support.Among them,the influencing factors that can be intervened are exercise self-efficacy,knowledge of physical activities during pregnancy,perceived benefits and anxiety.It is suggested that in the future clinical practice,we should evaluate the physical activities of pregnant women in time,pay attention to those whose families live in rural areas,who are unemployed during pregnancy,and who are young,and timely evaluate their exercise self-efficacy and anxiety symptoms.strengthen health education on physical activities,improve the cognitive level of physical activities of pregnant women,and give scientific and professional guidance to help pregnant women improve their physical activity level and promote maternal and infant health.