Asymmetric Development Of High And Low Probability In Synchronous Learning

The probability of learning is a long-standing topic,and there are lots of research on children’s probabilistic learning.However,there is little research on whether there are developmental differences between high and low probability in synchronous learning and which age period is the vital node of the developmental difference.In order to explore whether there are developmental differences when children are learning high and low probability synchronously,we conducted the study of the probabilistic learning tasks applicable to children and adults.Our subjects were divided into three groups: 5-year-old to 7-year-old children,8-year-old to 10-year-old children and adults.The first study is a EEG experiment in which the screen presents four eggs at the beginning and the beans of high probability or low probability are hidden in an egg.Our subjects need to find the beans.The second study makes few changes on the basis of the first study.We split high probability and low probability,so subjects only need to process either one of high probability and low probability.By analyzing the data of behavior and EEG,the results showed that:(1)The conclusion of the first study:Firstly,in the aspect of high and low probability of selecting the original option:three groups tend to choose the advantageous optionin the high probability of selecting the original option,which is on the rise as the window moves.In the low probability of selecting the original option,while 5-year-old to 7-year-old children still tend to choose preferred option and the probability rises as the window moves,8-year-old to 10-year-old children and adults tend to choose the others,which falls as the window moves.Besides,the probability of the high probability’s selecting the original option is higher than that of the lower probability in all groups.Secondly,in the terms of response time of the high and low probability of selecting the original option: three groups’ response time declines as the window moves.Moreover,the response time of the high probability of selecting the original option is lower than that of the lower probability in all groups.Thirdly,in the aspect of ERP: the FRN amplitude elicited by negative feedback is larger than that elicited by positive feedback.In addition,there are different waves in the FRN time domainbetween win and lose,the unexpected lose and win,the expected loseand win.Furthermore,FRN’s latent period is getting longer with the growth of age.(2)The conclusion of the second study:Firstly,in the aspect of the probability of the high and low probability’s selecting preferred option: in the high probability of selecting the original option,three groups tend to choose the advantageous option,which is on the rise as the window moves.In the low probability of selecting the original option,three groups tend to choose the others,which is on the fall as the window moves.Besides,the probability of high probability’s selecting the superior option is higher than that of the lower probability in all groups.Secondly,in the terms of response time of the high and low probability’s selecting the original option: in the high probability of selecting the original option,three groups’ response time declines as the window moves.In the low probability of selecting the original option,the response time of childrenfrom 8 to 10 and adultsrises as the window moves while that of children from 5 to 7declines as the windowmoves.Moreover,the response time of the high probability of selecting preferred option is lower than that of the lower probability in all groups.(3)Summary:The age 8 is the important node of children’s development differences in high and low probability of synchronous learning.Children from 5 to 7 can process high probability and low probability equally,but they still cannot clearly distinguish between high probability and low probability in the behavior for it is difficult for them to overcome selecting the original option.However,children from 8 to 10 and adults can process between high probability and low probability differently in synchronous learning.