| The influence of emotion on the perception of movement time is an important part of sports psychology.Temporal expectation is a kind of implicit time perception,which is influenced by rhythmic time information to coordinate the movement of athletes.Temporal expectation is a person’s ability to use time information in the environment to predict when target stimuli will appear.Athletes can indirectly extract time information through their own actions or the actions of their opponents,thus generating temporal expectation,which helps athletes improve their ability to respond quickly to target stimuli,optimize attention resources,and make optimal motion decisions.Temporal expectation with audio and visual clues about visual cues to present the most direct,the information of temporal expectation after the execution of action dependent on visual cues,players will experience the day after tomorrow can strengthen awareness of visual cues rhythm information,time and auditory cues has high sensitivity and accuracy,the introduction of sound for athletes to provide more information time rhythm,rhythm information is an important factor to produce time looking forward to.The rational use of audio-visual cues by athletes can help improve performance.Emotions affect athletes’ athletic performance,and emotional regulation can help athletes give full play to their competitive level and achieve the best athletic performance.This study USES experimental method,in order to ball,badminton,tennis and table tennis athletes of 135 people(74 male athletes,female athletes of 61 people,average age 20.11±1.30 as the research object,and from the aspects of behavior and physiology,discuss the different emotion regulation strategies under different emotional state of the influence of different time clue of athletes are looking forward to.The research is of great theoretical and practical significance for guiding athletes to use audio-visual cues,improve the perception of exercise time,enhance the speed and accuracy of exercise expectation time judgment,regulate emotions by emotional regulation strategies,and give full play to competitive level.This study consists of two parts:Study i included two experiments to investigate the effects of emotion and emotion regulation strategies on time expectation of athletes under visual cues from behavioral and physiological perspectives.In experiment 1,68 small ball(table tennis,badminton and tennis)players were selected as the research objects,and 2×2 subjects were selected to study the effect of emotion and emotion regulation strategies on athletes’ time expectation under visual cues.The findings:(1)under the condition of visual cues,the athletes’ reaction speed to complete the time expectation task in the happy emotional state was faster than that in the angry emotional state.(2)under the condition of visual cues,the athletes who used the cognitive reappraisal strategy had a higher accuracy rate in completing the time expectation task than those who used the expression inhibition strategy.(3)the athletes who used the cognitive reappraisal strategy in the happy emotional state responded faster than those who used the cognitive reappraisal strategy in the angry emotional state to complete the time expectation task.In experiment 2,68 small ball(table tennis,badminton,tennis)athletes were taken as the research objects.Polar table was adopted,heart rate was taken as the index,and the experiment design between 2×2 subjects was adopted to investigate the physiological response of emotion and emotion regulation strategies under visual cues to the influence of time expectation.The findings:(1)under the condition of visual cues,emotion affects the physiological response of athletes in small balls.The heart rate of athletes in the emotional state is significantly higher than that in the calm state.(2)under the condition of visual cues,the athletes’ heart rate was higher in the state of anger than in the state of happiness.(3)under the condition of visual cues,the heart rate of the athletes who used the expression inhibition strategy in the happy emotional state was lower than that in the angry emotional state.Study ii consists of two experiments to investigate the effects of emotion and emotion regulation strategies on time expectation of athletes under auditory cues from two aspects of behavior and physiology.In experiment 1,67 small ball players(table tennis,badminton and tennis)were selected as the research objects,and 2×2 subjects were selected to study the effect of auditory cue emotion and emotion regulation strategies on athletes’ time expectation.The findings:(1)under the condition of auditory cues,the athletes who used the cognitive reappraisal strategy had a higher accuracy rate in completing the time expectation task than those who used the expression inhibition strategy.(2)under the condition of auditory cues,the athletes in the happy emotional state adopted the cognitive reappraisal strategy faster than the athletes in the angry emotional state used the cognitive reappraisal strategy to complete the time expectation task.(3)in the state of anger,the athletes’ reaction time to complete the expected task was faster when using the expression inhibition strategy than when using the cognitive reappraisal strategy.In experiment 2,67 small ball players(table tennis,badminton and tennis)were selected with polar table,heart rate as the index,and the experimental design between 2×2 subjects was adopted to investigate the physiological effects of emotion and emotion regulation strategies on time expectation under auditory cues.The findings:(1)under the condition of auditory cues,emotion affects the physiological response of athletes in small balls.The heart rate of athletes in the emotional state is significantly higher than that in the calm state.(2)under the condition of auditory cues,the heart rate of the athletes in the state of anger was higher than that in the state of happiness.Under the conditions of this study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)emotion affects athletes’ time expectation,and athletes’ temporal expectation reaction speed is faster under happy emotion.(2)the emotion regulation strategy affects the temporal expectation of the athletes,and the accuracy rate of the temporal expectation task is higher when the athletes adopt the cognitive reappraisal strategy than the expression inhibition strategy.(3)emotion,emotion regulation strategy and time cues jointly affect athletes’temporal expectation and physiological response.(4)emotion and emotion regulation strategies jointly affect the physiological response of athletes.The expression inhibition strategy can better reduce the heart rate of athletes in the state of happy emotion. |
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