The Study Of New Words In A Review Of The Times In The Period Of The Christian Literature Society For China(1889-1907)

As the one of the most representative Missionary Chinese newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty with wide audiences and far-reaching influences,the A Review of the Times is an important carrier for the spread of Western culture and the production of new words during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.New words will eventually enter the Chinese vocabulary system,which is mainly divided into two stages: one is the formation stage.The new words in A Review of the Times in the period of The Christian Literature Society for China mainly consist of two types: foreign words and old forms.Foreign words include transliterated foreign words and free-translated foreign words.Transliterated foreign words have three expressions:directly recording the pronunciation of the original foreign language word,adding a morpheme that represents the semantic class on the basis of the recorded speech,and semi-tone and semi-meaning of the original foreign language word.The creation process also reflects the features of phonetic replacement of foreign language words,the indeterminate form of Chinese characters used when recording foreign language original words,the selective absorption of the meaning of foreign language original words,and the inconsistency of the structure of foreign language original words.The free-translation foreign words are produced by three methods: "rename" the original foreign language referent,translate the foreign language original word-by-word,and absorb Japanese-originated borrowed words,mainly based on double / three-syllable and positive structures.There is also a rich vocabulary phenomenon and a "multiple translation" phenomenon.Old forms give new meanings to old words,and also play a role in referring to corresponding new things and new concepts.The second is the absorption stage.Affected by various factors such as the development of social changes,language habits of language users and their psychology,there is also a certain difference in the degree of acceptance of new words in A Review of the Times in the period of The Christian Literature Society for China.Among them,transliterated words are less reserved due to unclear ideology and long syllable forms.In the development and evolution of later generations,they are often replaced by transliterated words with more rationality.The elimination and retention of free translation words also manifested in four aspects,namely,the morpheme and the referent are simultaneously retained,the morpheme and the referent are simultaneously eliminated,the morpheme is retained while the referent is eliminated,and a certain morpheme transformation is used to refer to theoriginal Some refer to objects.Judging from the differences between Chinese and Western cultures and linguistic perspectives,the formation and absorption process of new words and their results indicate that the missionaries were not only influenced by the cultural elements and cultural base of their own country when they translated new words,but also absorbed Han to a certain extent.Ethnic language and cultural elements.In accepting these new words,Chinese users have been affected by the dual influence of their ethnic culture’s inclusive spirit and conservative mean.In addition,under the influence of its different philosophical core "Tao" and Logos,China and the West have produced their own different ways of thinking,namely the holistic thinking of the "integration of man and nature" of the Han ethnic group and the analytical thinking of the dichotomy between subject and object in the West This makes the two different in terms of language concept: missionaries pursue precision of expression and overlap in language;Chinese users pursue the expression effect of "not expressing their wishes" and emphasis on coincidence in language.The new words in A Review of the Times in the period of The Christian Literature Society for China carried new things,new concepts and new ideas.They played an important role in the spread of Western culture in the late Qing Dynasty and also made up for the corresponding vocabulary vacancies in the Chinese system;It reveals the important laws in the development of Chinese vocabulary,such as the predominantly positive structure,the tendency of polyphony,and the occurrence of lexicalization.The research on new words has also played a certain role in the compilation and revision of the dictionary.