The Concepts Of Immanence And Transcendence In Sartre’s Early Thoughts

In the research field of western philosophy at home and abroad,the thoughts of Jean-Paul Sartre’s(1905-1980)are generally only researched in the context of existential philosophy,and less attention is paid to Sartre’s early thoughts on the impersonal transcendental realm.Actually,Sartre’s thoughts on the impersonal transcendental realm had a profound influence on the philosophy of later generations,but such kind of influence has not attracted academic attention until recently.Sartre’s concepts of immanence and transcendence are two concepts that play a key role in the formation of his impersonal transcendental thoughts.Jonathan Webber clearly proposed two meanings of Sartre’s transcendental concept.One is the meaning that beyond facticity and the other is opposite to the concept of immanence.The former is paid attention by most Sartre’s researchers.However,the concept of transcendence which is opposed to immanence has not been studied systematically yet.In addition,the concepts of immanence and transcendence in Sartre’s early thoughts are not created by himself,but the result of radicalization of Husserl’s concepts of immanence and transcendence,which was particularly reflected in his criticism of Husserl’s relation between ego and consciousness.Starting from Sartre’s abandonment of Husserl’s pure ego,he then push Husserl’s concepts of immanence and transcendence to the extreme.All objects in consciousness were expelled and became transcendental beings which are opposite to the absolute immanent consciousness.Based on Sartre’s early literature,this paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of Sartre’s thoughts of immanence and transcendence in Sartre’s theory of consciousness.In the first chapter,I would mainly describe Sartre’s inheritance of Husserl’s related ideas.Husserl’s concepts of immanence and transcendence have undergone changes in two periods.I will also sort out Husserl’s concepts by period,including his criteria,meanings and classification.In the second chapter I shall use Sartre’s book The Transcendence of the Ego as the research material,highlighting how Sartre uses Husserl’s early concept of immanence to refute Husserl’s late concept of pure ego,so as to outline Sartre’s own concept of transcendence and thought of immanent transcendental realm.In the third chapter I wouldfocus on Sartre’s Being and Nothingness to show his change of the two concepts from epistemology to ontology and highlight the depth that Sartre has reached far beyond what Husserl had made in his immanent and transcendental concepts.