Research On The Adjustment Of Universities In The 1920s

Around the 1920 s,China’s regime change was more frequent,which also made China’s higher education objectives and goals change.At the same time,the development of national capitalist industry and commerce had increased the society’s demand for industrial talents.The new cultural movement had also promoted the spread of democratic republican ideas and Western educational ideas in China.American cultural policies,such as Geng section had also increased the number of returning talents from the USA.In this era,in order to meet the needs of socio-economic and cultural needs and improve the quality of higher education,China ’s higher education had abandoned the Japanese education model.It turned to the United States to learn about educational ideas and concepts.The promulgation of the "Renxu School System" and the subsequent enactment of a series of higher education laws had strongly promoted the adjustments and reforms of China’s colleges and universities.As the first major adjustment of colleges and universities in China’s more than100 years of higher education,its scale is large and it covers a wide range.All institutions of higher colleges had adjusted their school organization,department settings,curriculum settings,teacher and student managements and so on.This article takes Wuhan University as the starting point for studying the adjustment of colleges and universities in this period.By studying the university organization,faculty settings,curriculum settings,teacher and student teams and other aspects of Wuhan University,it presented “three-party” ‘s school management system,professors governing the school,university-institution-department structure,the democratic school management system of student autonomy,and the campus atmosphere of coeducational schools,these indirectly reflected the adjustment of Chinese colleges and universities.The adjustment of colleges and universities in the 1920 s increased the number of universities in China and promoted the development of higher education to a certain extent;the practice of professors governing schools and students autonomy had enabled colleges to form a democratic system of governing schools;the cancellation of preparatory course had improved the degree of higher education.The implementation of the discipline system and the credit system had promoted the training of talents combining general education and specialized education in China,and had adapted to the needs of the society.However,there are also shortcomings in this adjustment of universities.The surge in the number of universities had brought the phenomenon of uneven levels of universities;the blind upgrade of higher normal schools has destroyed the independence of normal education and caused the decline of normal education;one-sided emphasis on respect for students and the power of student council was too large,which coursed continuous campus upheavals.And the cancellation of unified standards for curriculum setting had gradually dispersed the curriculum in colleges and universities,and it was difficult to ensure the quality of talent training.Throughout this series of adjustments,it showed the characteristics of the combination of coercion and flexibility,socialization and democratization.The adjustment measures of universities in the 1920 s and the two large-scale adjustments of universities after the founding of the People’s Republic of China provided experience for China’s higher education reform in the current era.Colleges and universities should conform to the trend of international development and implement talents on the basis of their own development trends and carry out the college functions,like talents cultivation,scientific research,social services and cultural innovation to promote the long-term development of colleges.