Investigation Of Bristle Exports In The Middle And Upper Reaches Of The Yangtze River At The End Of The Qing Dynasty And The Beginning Of The Republic Of China

The bristle trade is a product of the development of industrial civilization,and China’s bristle export trade was produced and developed under the aggression of the various powers.China’s bristle exports had a small amount of exports during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty,and it continued to develop during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years.After entering the Republic of China,the growth rate was very rapid.Bristles were produced all over the country and the Yangtze River Basin was an important production area for bristles in China.Among them,the white bristles produced in Sichuan and Hunan were world-renowned for their excellent quality.The development of the bristle trade had deepened the links between the rural areas of the mainland and the outside world,and had played an important role in promoting the development of the rural economy.At the same time,it had made the rural areas of the mainland more affected by the world market.In this article,through the customs information and related investigation datas to discussing the source of Hankou bristle,the bristle number and the way of the workshop,the compradors,the way the foreign firms bought and exported bristles,and the Chinese bristle merchants association ’s status and its role.The first chapter of this article mainly summarizes the classification of bristles exports from China in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China and the evolution of bristles exports.The second chapter mainly introduces the bristles production area in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and discusses the main methods and costs of transportation from the production area to Hankou.The third chapter discusses the rise and development of Hankou bristle industry in the late Qing and early Republic of China in terms of customs statistics,the trading methods between Chinese and foreign firm operating bristles trade and the processing methods and market prices of Hankou bristles in Hankou at that time.The conclusion part is to summarize the full text,and draws the conclusion that Hankou’s bristles industries were still at the time of raw material trading,and did not form a complete industrial chain.