Research On "Death Hall" Of Qing Dynasty Tomb Architecture In Sichuan Region

"Tomb workshop of Qing Dynasty" is an important relic of Sichuan area in Qing Dynasty,that is to say,Sichuan,Chongqing and other places.This kind of tomb building with wood like structure as its main shape features is more and more protected and studied because of its special scale shape,exquisite carving and decoration,rich inscriptions.The hall of death is a relatively independent niche type portal structure under the roof eaves of the main tombstone.The simplest structure is composed of the upper and lower horizontal braces and the left and right columns.Within the columns is the independent bay inside the hall,which is unique to Sichuan.Its interior mainly stores the memorial tablet,the tomb owner image,and even carves the environment into the hall shape,which is the miniature and simplification of the family hall in real life.Some scholars have done the leading and basic work for this paper.First of all,the paper sums up the shape and structure of the hall of death,reveals that the shape and structure of the hall of death changes according to the shape of the main tombstone,and finds that people’s psychology of seeking innovation and change,seeking more and more satisfaction leads to the structure and decorative form of the hall of death becoming more and more exquisite,tall and complex.Secondly,it discusses the image content of the hall of death.The main elements are the memorial tablet,the image of the tomb owner,and the architecture.These elements either appear alone or in combination,reflecting the traditional Chinese order of human relations and the order of building.It is particularly important that the image of the "statue of all" hall with the tomb owner and his wife as the center shows the scene of the family banquet and the luxurious layout of the hall,which deeply reflects all the good imagination of people on "home".Once again,it is found that the contents of the tablet and calligraphy couplets of the dead hall are directed to the tomb owner and the descendants,and most of them involve "worship","protection","Immortality","Wanzai",etc.,which reflect the most real and straightforward needs and wishes of people.At the same time,there are also some words in the couplet to extend the family rules,family instructions and the names of ancestral halls,which indirectly reflect that the burial buildings originate from ancestral halls.At last,the author studies the cultural belief of the book,and points out the important schema meanings and local knowledge involved in the images,such as "governing the world with filial piety","Dumu clan" and "Ming etiquette and customs".This paper uses the research methods of typology and iconography,starting from the above content,to summarize and sort out the existing information of the dead hall,and to study its internal causes and many subjective and objective factors related to the formation of the dead hall by officials,tomb owners,family members and craftsmen.In order to study the series of tombs in Sichuan area in Qing Dynasty,the origin and development of the dead hall were gradually clarified.It is found that the shrine structure and function of home and ancestral hall have been transplanted into the dead Hall part,and the funeral custom of "Tomb sacrifice" has been highlighted,which is a special concept and carrier of sacrifice gradually formed in the "Huguang filled Sichuan" immigration area,and also a mature sign of the gradual transition of the tomb architecture in this area from the imitation wood structure architecture to the self-contained tomb architecture.