A Comparative Study Of "Kan Qilai(看起来)" And "Kan Lai(看来)"

On the basis of previous studies,this paper takes semantic grammar and discourse linguistics as the theoretical guidance and CCL corpus and BCC corpus as the source of corpus,respectively discusses the function,the meaning and the usage of“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”in modern Chinese,and compares their similarities and differences.In general,both“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”can be used as adverbials,discourse markers and components of discourse markers,but there are some differences in meaning and usage.These are mainly reflected in the following aspects.First of all,both“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”can be used as adverbials of time and condition.“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”,which are adverbials of time,are in front of the predicate of psychological feeling,indicating the meaning of“seeing time”.The differences between them are reflected in the acceptability,frequency of use and the choice of sentence pattern.Compared with“Kan lai(看来)”,“Kan qilai(看起来)”has a higher acceptability,frequency of use and choice of sentence pattern.As conditional adverbials,“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”are both used in front of the predicate of psychological feelings or impression,indicating that the feeling is derived from the appearance or appearance of things.As for their differences,in terms of visual strength,“Kan qilai(看起来)”is more visual than“Kan lai(看来)”.In terms of frequency of use,syntactic distribution and sentence choice,“Kan qilai(看起来)”is more high-frequency,flexible and extensive than“Kan lai(看来)”.Secondly,both“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”can serve as visual Angle markers and inferential markers when making discourse markers.When the two acted as visual Angle markers,they are both appearance visual Angle types,and their differences are shown in the following aspects.in the choice of sentence structure,“Kan lai(看来)”is only used for juxtaposition,and“Kan qilai(看起来)”can be used for juxtaposition or non-juxtaposition.In the sentence position distribution,“Kan lai(看来)”can only be used after the subject,while“Kan qilai(看起来)”can be used before the subject or after the subject.In terms of frequency of use,“Kan lai(看来)”is used less frequently than“Kan qilai(看起来)”.When they served as inferential markers,both of them are combined with the premise sentence and the inferential sentence,and the differences are reflected in the following aspects:from the nature of the inferential sentence,“Kan qilai(看起来)”focuses on perceptual inference,while“Kan lai(看来)”focuses on rational inference.From the perspective of semantic features,“Kan qilai(看起来)”has the characteristics of spot,low truth and low confidence.And“Kan lai(看来)”has the characteristics of spot,cut,high truth value and high certainty;In terms of frequency of use,“Kan qilai(看起来)”are used far less frequently than“Kan lai(看来)”.Finally,both“Kan qilai(看起来)”and“Kan lai(看来)”are used in the format[preposition+X+Kan qilai(看起来)/Kan lai(看来)]to help the whole format show its function of expressing the subject’s perspective,according to the perspective and time perspective.However,there are differences in the choice range and frequency of“preposition”or“X”.In general,the range and frequency of use of the“Kan lai(看来)”are overwhelming compared to the“Kan qilai(看起来)”.