The Study On The Historical Records:the Biographies Of Knight Errant

This paper finds that the Historical Records:the Biographies of Knight errant has a strong particularity in the history of the recognition of the knight errant by analyzing the differences between the Historical Records and Han Feizi,the Six Arts of War,Han History,Han Record and the other classics.The ranger has always played the role of ruiner of law and social stability in the orthodoxy of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties and even in the later generations,however,Sima Qian defined "rangers" more from the spiritual aspect,that is,the inner "chivalry" carried by the chivalry,which weakened the destructive side of the ranger that violated the law and challenged the public power with the private power,and more valued the good quality of the ranger’s moral character,which emphasizes the importance of justice and saves lives,and rediscovers the image of the ranger,making the ranger a model of good morality.The reason for this different view is that in addition to the role of Sima Qian’s personal view of ranger and merit,there is also the influence of Confucianism on him.Sima Qian regards rangers as a valuable practitioner of Confucian benevolence and righteousness.The transformation of the ranger is also based on the spirit advocated by Confucianism.Starting with the study of the concept of "ranger",the paper inquires into the disparity between the conception of "ranger" in the Historical Records:the Biographies of Knight errant with the "ren xia" in the Historical Records,"mo xia"in the traditional view to understand more about the ranger in the Historical Records.Meanwhile,this paper analyzes some issues that have been discussed for a long time,such as the debate of "belittling the hermit and glorifing the treacherous",the difference between a knight and a ranger,and the author’s thoughts reflected in the Biographies of Knight errant.And on the basis of this analysis it discuss the thoughts of Sima Qian in this chapter,including the view to ranger,the view of merit and fame of Sima Qian,and his acceptance to Confucianism,which is of great value for us to further understand Sima Qian and the Historical Records.The first chapter examines the concept of the ranger.On the one hand,it studies the concept of the ranger in the classics of the Pre-Qin and the Han dynasties,including the etymological meaning of the ranger,and the understanding of the ranger in Han Feizi and the Six Arts of War in the Pre-Qin period,Han History and Han Record in the Two Han dynasties.On the other hand,starting from the Records of the Historical Records,this paper analyzes Sima Qian’s definition of the meaning of the ranger in the Biographies of Knight errant,and differentiates the differences between "the ranger" and "Ren Xia" in other chapters and "Mo Xia" mentioned in traditional studies,so as to deeply understand the particularity of the ranger defined by Sima Qian.In the second chapter,the paper analyzes the material organization in the Historical Records:the Biographies of Knight errant.It includes the reason why the characters are only based on the Han dynasty instead of the Pre-Qin dynasty recorded in the Biographies of Knight errant,the problem of the separate biography of the ranger and the assassin,the discussion part at the beginning,the difference of the writing methods of the three main characters.This study will begin with a close reading of the text.In the third chapter,it mainly expatiates Sima Qian’s thought reflected in the Biographies of Knight errant.It includes the chivalry view,the merit view establishing his name in later generations of Sima Qian,and the influence of Confucianism,and it will observe the whole of the Historical Records on this basis.The epilogue summarizes the content of the paper and discusses the influence of the Historical Records:the Biographies ofKnight errant on the later generations.The spirit of ranger promoted in the Historical Records not only act on the important guiding function in shaping the quality of the form of knight-errant in popular folk literature,especially chivalrous novels,but also preserves the inner strength of "not afraid of power and dare to struggle" for our national culture,which is an important contribution the Historical Records:the Biographies of Knight errant made to Chinese traditional culture.