| The academic research on "Qu" is relatively sufficient,and the division of the usage of "Qu" is also relatively complex.There are not only the chronological research on "Qu" with the help of characteristic corpus;but also the research on "Qu" in a local dialect.On the basis of previous studies,this paper takes "Qu" in the Chinese part of Qingwen Zhiyao as the research object,makes a detailed description of its usage and special sentence patterns,analyzes the causes of its occurrence and summarizes the interference characteristics of Manchu language through the method of Manchu Chinese comparison.The findings are as follows:1.When "Qu" is used as a move word,two kinds of structures reflect the correspondence between Manchu and Chinese texts,which makes some structures more frequently used.(1)"Go/go+place+ go" is frequently used.When the locative object appears,it always precedes "go" and tends to use"Go/To+locative object + go",which is related to the use of"Go/To" corresponding to the directional case auxiliary word de and the objective case auxiliary word be in the original Manchu(2)"V+zhe+Qu"is widely used."V+zhe+Qu" is a structure in the state,which can be divided into two types:modifying relation and purposeful relation.The extensive use of "V+zhe+Qu" is related to the use of juxtaposed adverbial affixes-me and continuous adverbial affixes-Hai/-Hei/-Hoi in Manchu.2.When "Qu" is used as a directional verb after the main verb,it has no displacement in itself,which is a supplementary explanation of VP state.The displacement of the directional verb "Qu" has been weakened,so there is no corresponding form in Manchu.Instead,it shares a Manchu vocabulary with the previous verb.3.There are differences in semantic meaning,complexity and diversity of structure,and frequency of use between "Qu + VP" and "VP+Qu".(1)Semantically,"Qu" in "Qu+VP" has three usages:spatial displacement,omnidirectional spatial displacement,psychological space and temporal displacement,while "Qu" in "VP+Qu" has been virtualized and has no spatial displacement.(2)In the division of internal structure,"Qu+ VP" is more diverse and complex than "VP+Qu",which can accommodate more components.(3)In terms of frequency,"VP+ Qu" is more frequently used than "Qu+VP" in Manchu Chinese Qingwen Zhiyao.There are two reasons for this:first,it has regional influence.Chinese of the banners is greatly influenced by Altaic languages,showing more characteristics of SOV word order language;The second is the influence of the nature of literature.Manchu Chinese literature is a kind of translated literature.The translated literature is greatly influenced by the word order of the original text,showing more interference characteristics of Manchu,and word order interference is one of them.4.There are three special structures with "go" in Qingwen Zhiyao.(1)"V+Le+Qu" can be used to express time sequence,mode,hypothetical mood and imperative mood.(2)"Let/You/By/You+sentence+ Qu" has imperative meaning.(3)The word "go" in "VP1+ go+VP2" lies between the two verbs,and the boundary from inside to outside has disappeared.5.The structure of "Qu" in Qingwen Zhiyao reflects the interference characteristics of Manchu.(1)When the locative object appears,it always precedes "go",and tends to use "To/To+locative object+go",which is related to the use of "Go/Tao" to translate Manchu directional case auxiliary words and objective case auxiliary words.(2)The occurrence of attribute postposition is influenced by the word order of the original text.(3)The frequency of "VP+Qu" in Qingwen Zhiyao is more than that of "Qu+VP",which is related to the fact that Qingwen Zhiyao originated in the north and was greatly influenced by the ALV word order of Altaic language family,and belongs to the translated literature and is influenced by the original word order.(4)On the ideographic aspect,the function of "V+Le+Qu" is expanded,which can express the time sequence,the way of expression,the hypothesis and the imperative mood,which is the result of Manchu translation. |
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