The Construction And Resistance Of The Docile Subject

The subject problem has always been one of the core issues of political philosophy.On the one hand,the subject of freedom and submission is designed and produced by power;on the other hand,the subject is always looking for strategies to resist power.Althusser deeply discussed the production of the subject from the perspective of the reproduction mechanism of capitalist production relations.The bourgeoisie used the state and the ideological state machine represented by law and education to produce the subject in line with capitalist production relations and remould the soul of the subject.Foucault emphasizes the non subjectivity of power and the application of governance technology from the perspective of utility principle and governance practice.He regards the process of shaping the subject of Neo liberal governance as the birth process of economic man.Finally,Althusser went to the revolutionary road based on the tradition of natural law.The proletariat seized the ideological state machine through class struggle and cut off the reproduction mechanism of capitalist production relations.Foucault,on the other hand,is moving towards the individual resistance strategy of existential aesthetics.The subject develops into the subject with its own style,rather than the object designed by power.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part mainly analyzes the social and historical background of Althusser and Foucault’s different discourses,that is,the emergence of neoliberalism and the "may storm".The second part focuses on how Althusser’s theory of ideological state machine and Foucault’s theory of life politics embody the production of obedient subjects in capitalist society.Althusser discusses that ideological state machine produces both labor subjects and bourgeois agents and successors through the call from the perspective of reproduction of capitalist production relations,so as to protect the social stability It proves the reproduction of production relations in capitalist society.Foucault,on the other hand,from his discourse system of power,describes how discipline power has changed from "human body"(individualized)to "human category"(popular),thus establishing the life political structure of "political power governing population".The third part mainly analyzes Althusser’s and Foucault’s respective resistance strategies."Revolution" is Althusser’s guiding principle for the proletarian party,"revolution" is not the formal elimination of the bourgeois state to seize power,but the mass class struggle,is a class "protracted war";the aesthetic salvation of "self concern" is Foucault’s main resistance path He thinks that the individual under the power slavery pursues too much material enjoyment and gradually loses aesthetic consciousness.Therefore,he puts forward the individual resistance strategy of survival aesthetics.However,their theories are still not beyond Marx’s level.