Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology Of Body Transcends The Tradition Of Consciousness Philosophy

Starting from Descartes,modern philosophy has opened the line of philosophy of consciousness.At the same time,it has also brought about many problems that cannot be ignored,such as the dualism of mind and body,the objectified view of the body,and the transcendental tendency of metaphysics,which has caused a conflict with reality.Torn.At the same time,in France,a path of body philosophy different from the philosophy of consciousness has gradually emerged.Through an innovative "misreading" of Husserl’s philosophy,Merleau-Ponty used perceptual experience as a starting point to construct a body-based philosophy.-The phenomenological school with the subject as the core replaces the rational self of the philosophy of consciousness with a living body,and replaces the sporadic combination of the mechanical body with the overall scheme of the body,thus realizing the transcendence of the metaphysics and pure consciousness of the subject of consciousness.In other words,Merleau-Ponty tried to realize the transformation of consciousness philosophy into body philosophy,but it unintentionally led to the turn of modern philosophy to postmodern philosophy.Many people therefore regarded him as a transitional figure,but in terms of its own philosophy,The idea of ??the body as the unity of body and mind and the non-philosophical tendency still have the value of independent research.This article will explore the basis of the unity of body and mind by resorting to physical experience,so as to clarify the physical basis of existence at the root,and solve the problems of the possibility of knowledge,the unity of existence and concepts.This article will also follow the birth and development process of Merleau-Ponty’s body phenomenology,starting from the problems of the philosophy of consciousness itself,to explain how the philosophy of consciousness represented by Descartes,Hegel,and Husserl has gradually integrated the body.The problem is pushed to the front,and how Merleau-Ponty pulls phenomenology back to the world of life,just as his philosophy shows,the physical being in the world is to "return to the thing itself in the process of revealing the human situation."The first chapter expounds the formation and dilemma of the ideological philosophy tradition.The philosophical tradition of consciousness originated from ancient Greek philosophy,established by Descartes,through the rationalism and empiricism of early modern philosophy,and the idealism of German classical philosophy,until Husserl’s phenomenology of consciousness,all followed this path.With the deepening of the basic direction of consciousness purification and subject consciousness.The dualistic way of thinking and discourse are the basic characteristics of the philosophy of consciousness,and it has also caused the problem of opposition between subject and object,body and mind.It can be said that this is the inevitable establishment of the subject of consciousness.At the same time,this metaphysical detached posture of the subject of consciousness has lost its unity with the original world,leading to a tear with reality,and all this is a manifestation of the deliberate ignorance of the body by the philosophy of consciousness.The second chapter mainly deals with the refutation of behavioral theory to traditional psychology and physiology,thereby dispelling the influence of philosophy of consciousness.In addition,Merleau-Ponty also positively denies empiricism and intellectualism’s "sensation view",thus Lay the foundation for the construction of the body phenomenology theory.The third chapter expounds the construction process of bodily phenomenology,involving his two books respectively.By refining the main points of "The Structure of Behavior" and "Phenomena of Perception",it shows how Merleau Ponti has achieved the transcendence of the traditional physical and mental relationship and the metaphysics of the subject of consciousness on the basis of the philosophical tradition of critical consciousness.Behavior theory mainly uses empirical observations to specify the irreducible structure of behavior,emphasizes the integrity of the body,and disintegrates the ontological foundation of traditional psychology and physiology from the outside.Therefore,only by returning to the perceptual experience,that is,in the subject of perceptual theory,can I restore my original relationship with the world.This is the purpose of the "reduction of bodily phenomenology".On the subject,behavior theory and perception theory are consistent.It can be said that behavior theory is the external explanation of perception theory.It can also be said that perception theory is a structural process of behavior theory.The two are logically connected.It explains the relationship between man and nature,the body-subject’s situational awareness,and how survival prompts man to conceive his relationship with the environment,society,and history,as well as the prerequisite for the coexistence of man and the world.The fourth chapter discusses the influence of Merleau-Ponty’s body phenomenology,starting from two perspectives.The first is the status of body phenomenology in the history of philosophy,how the body phenomenology evolved from the phenomenology of consciousness,and then How to disintegrate.The second is the influence of bodily phenomenology in non-philosophical fields.This part mainly elaborates on Merleau Ponti’s phenomenological thoughts in the mid-term.Art is not only a supplement to phenomenology,but also phenomenology itself.It can even be said that compared to science,art Closer to the primitive world,Merleau Ponti took a path of perceptual poetics,in order to return to the tension between consciousness and nature,and discover and create meaning there.If Heidegger wants to save existence in traditional philosophy,then Merleau-Ponty has to liberate people in the philosophical tradition of consciousness.Existence is not born with a rational and transcendent face,which manifests in our bodies.Because of its characteristics,language,consciousness and even desire are all manifestations.For the body,if existence is not open to us,then consciousness and movement are also impossible.The body is always entangled with it.This kind of body is the subject From this,metaphysics also has the "meaning of the earth." For a long time,the philosophy of consciousness has ruled philosophy and led to a divided world.This kind of ambiguous philosophy of body and mind,after all,provides a possibility for the solution of the problem.Therefore,studying Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy has certain practical significance and philosophical enlightenment.