The Study On The Burden Of Farmers In NingXia During 1920’s And 1940’s

The burden of peasants is a serious social problem prevailing in modern Chinese rural society.To some extent,whether the burden of peasants is heavy is a"barometer" to observe the social and economic development of rural areas and the living conditions of peasants in a certain period.After the establishment of Ningxia Province in 1929,under the rule of Ma Hongkui,a local warlord,compared with the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the burden of farmers in Ningxia was more heavy,which had seriously affected the economic and social development of the region’s rural areas as well as the production and life of farmers.This article mainly from the perspective of social and economic history,using the methods of literature study and comparative study,based on the collected during the period of the republic of China in the county annals,government official document archives,newspaper,yearbook,the survey data during the period of the republic of China and some oral history data analysis,using the relevant theories of sociology,economics with the help of a basic model of income and spending Namely to the farmer actual production quantity and the government calendar year specific levy sends a quota to compare.More comprehensively revealed a 20th century first 20-40 s basic situation and the main characteristics of ningxia farmers’ burden,mainly involved farmers bear the burden of excess rent,the land tax and surcharge to heavy,surtaxes,conscript Labour force battle,the exploitation of usury aspects of content,and through the comparison with other areas,presents the ningxia farmers’ burden historical and regional features:Under the characteristics of The Times,mainly military apportionment and collection,high interest loans with official participation,and high interest rates mainly with loans in kind.Secondly,the paper analyzes the causes of the burden of farmers in Ningxia during this period,and points out that the contradiction between the low level of productivity in Ningxia rural areas and the increasing demand of provincial finance led to the formation of the excess burden of farmers in Ningxia during the 1920s to 1940s.The backwardness of commercial development and the lack of modern financial management and supervision mechanism created the conditions for the corruption of local officials and the prevalence of usury.Local warlords trying to consolidate their separate regimes led to a surge in military spending during this period;In addition,the development level of rural productivity is limited by natural disasters,production technologies,production tools and other objective conditions,and crop output is not high.The above reasons led to the formation of the excess burden of farmers in Ningxia.Finally,the paper analyzes the impact of the heavy burden of Ningxia farmers on the development of rural economy and society and the production and life of farmers from many aspects.This paper summarizes the historical enlightenment of the burden of farmers.