| Word learning is the cornerstone of reading.The visual positioning of dyslexic children in word learning has the defect of skipping words and cannot locate the correct words.Therefore,it is very important to make the correct positioning of words through the assistance of visual positioning.It is necessary to explore the role of visual positioning assistances for children with dyslexia in word learning and then to explore the effect of different visual positioning assistances on word learning.Two factors in-subject design was used in this study:2 ×(group:dyslexia children and Age-matched group)2(word presentation order: orderly and disordered)× 4(visual positioning assistance: no assistance,point assistance,line assistance and block assistance).The study selected three eye movement indicators for analysis: the number of the total fixation points,eye movement heat map and the total fixation time on the region of interest.In the experiment,the image and text area corresponding to the words were set as the region of interest.When the subjects’ fixation points visited the region of interest,the words were correctly located.A total number of 92 eye movement data were collected in the experiment,including 46 children with dyslexia and 46 ordinary children.Among them,8 invalid eye data were eliminated,and a total of 84 valid eye movement data were adopted,including 42 children with dyslexia as the experimental group and 42 ordinary children as a matching group.The results are:(1)There is a significant difference between the dyslexia group and the age-matched group.The group has a significant main effect on the total fixation time [F(1,656)=11.08,p <0.01].The total fixation time of the normal group is significantly longer than that of the dyslexia group(t = 2.24,p <0.01);The group has a significant main effect on the number of fixations [F(1,656)=4.15,p <0.05],and the number of fixations in the normal group is significantly less than that in the dyslexic group(t =-1.24,p <0.05);(2)The main effect of the word presentation order on the total fixation time is significant [F(1,656)=210.03,p <0.01],the total fixation time under the order condition is significantly less than the disorder condition(t =-27.32,p <0.01);The order of word presentation has a significant main effect on the number of fixations [F(3,656)=15.00,p<0.01];(3)The main effect of visual positioning assistance total fixation time is significant [F(3,656)=20.70,p <0.01],the total fixation time without assistance is significantly greater than other auxiliary methods(t> 0.74,p<0.05),the total fixation time under the point assistance condition was significantly greater than that of the block assistance(t = 3.17,p <0.01),and the total fixation time of the line assistance was significantly greater than that of the block assistance(t = 5.64,p <0.01);The main effect of the number of fixation assisted by visual positioning is significant [F(3,656)=179.83,p <0.01],the number of fixations under the block assisted condition is significantly less than other assisted methods(t =-5.52,p <0.01),the fixation under the point assisted condition The frequency is significantly greater than other auxiliary methods(t = 8.32,p <0.01);(4)On the nunber of fixation,the interaction between group and word presentation order is significant [F(3,656)=9.52,p<0.05].Further simple effect analysis shows that the total fixation time of subjects in the normal group under ordered conditions is significantly less than that under disordered conditions(t =-35.11,p <0.01),the total fixation time of the dyslexic group under the ordered condition is also significantly less than that under the disorder condition(t =-25.00,p <0.01),the two groups under the orderly presentation condition There was no significant difference in total fixation time(t =-5.55,p> 0.05).Under disorderly presentation conditions,the total fixation time of subjects in the normal group was significantly longer than that in the dyslexia group(t = 4.56,p <0.01);(5)About the order of word presentation,the interaction between visual positioning assistance and visual positioning assistance is significant in total fixation time[F(3,656)=15.06,p = <0.01].Further simple effect analysis shows that without assistance,point assistance,line assistance and block assistance,The total fixation time under the orderly presentation condition is significantly less than that of the disorderly presentation(t <-22.78,p <0.01);under the orderly presentation condition,there is no significant difference between the auxiliary methods(t <-5.56,p> 0.05);Under disorderly presentation conditions,the total fixation time under unassisted conditions is significantly greater than point assistance(t = 12.10,p <0.01),line assistance(t= 3.11,p <0.01)and block assistance(t = 22.27,p <0.01),the total fixation time under the point assist condition was significantly greater than that of the block assist(t= 0.23,p <0.05),and the total fixation time under the line assist condition was significantly greater than that of the block assist(t = 9.22,p <0.01);(6)The order of word presentation and assistant methods have a significant interaction effect on the number of fixations [F(3,656)=15.00,p<0.01].The number of fixations under the order condition of the normal group is significantly less than that under the disorder condition(t =-9.11,p <0.01),the number of fixations of the dyslexic group under the ordered condition was also significantly less than that of the disordered condition(t =-7.00,p <0.01),and the fixation of the dyslexic group under the orderly presentation condition The number of fixations was significantly greater than that of the normal group(t = 11.55,p> 0.05),and the number of fixations of the subjects in the dyslexic group under disorderly presentation conditions was significantly greater than that of the subjects in the normal group(t = 4.56,p <0.01).Experimental conclusions: Word presentation order and visual positioning assistances are important factors that affect visual processing during reading.Orderly arrangement of materials can reduce fixation time and and the number of fixations,thus is not affected by visual positioning assistances;visual assistances affect children’s disorganized materials Visual processing and assistant methods can play a prompting role and reduce the total fixation time.But Point assist failed to reduce the number of fixations.Relatively speaking,the block assist effect is better. |
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