Habermas’s Norm Of Speech Acts And Its Requirements

Habermas believes that the unilateral pursuit of interests in modern society makes the "rationalization" of functionalism mainstream,and instrumental rationality becomes the only guiding principle.The alienation problem caused by this requires the rational solution of communication,rather than relying on pure ideological criticism.Therefore,he proposed the theory of communicative action to try to solve the problems faced by modern society.The basis of the theory of communicative action lies in the theory of speech acts,which focuses on the normative nature of speech in the process of use.The normative pragmatics in Habermas’ s theory of speech acts provides three research perspectives for the study of the normative requirements of speech acts,but it is necessary to combine the normative meaning to analyze the research content.First of all,Habermas’ s theory of speech acts is mainly characterized by a critique of Austin and Searle’s theory of speech acts.Habermas’ s speech acts is based on the validity of the premise,through the use of language to carry out an action,a certain coordination effect.Through the criticism of empirical pragmatics,he puts forward that his pragmatic features are mainly normative,intersubjective and objective.From the summary of the characteristics,he can obtain three angles to study the normative requirements of speech acts.That is,research on the normative requirements of participants,goals,and context.Secondly,the normative nature of Habermas’ s speech acts contains four meanings: the consistency rule of people’s identity,the normative power,the validity premise and the goal tendivity of the two dimensions of principle and value.Normativeness exists not only in the conventions of people in the world of life,but also in the pre-existing structure of people,the world,and language.On the one hand,it originates from the validity premise,on the other hand it is required to implement the validity conditions to achieve certain goals,and has a guiding and binding normative power for speech acts.Finally,Habermas’ s normative requirements for speech acts involve three aspects: the participants of speech acts and their relationship,ability and normative requirements of their respective perspectives;the behavioral process of speech acts and the normative requirements of goals Normative study of the dual context of speech acts.In short,the normative nature of Habermas’ s speech acts is based on the criticism and inheritance of predecessors’ theory of speech acts and normative theory,and serves the realization of people through the requirements,constraints and guidance of the core content of speech acts.The ultimate goal of smooth communication and consensus.The normative requirement of Habermas’ s speech acts deepens the Marxist theory of communication,but there is a problem that the theoretical presupposition and content are too idealistic and the practical understanding is insufficient.