Phenomenon Of Shanxi Guan Miao In Ming And Qing Dynas Ties

The phenomenon of Guan Miao exists in different levels of temple,village,region,country and even Chinese cultural circle.As a place of worship for gods in the regional society,the historical information conveyed by Guanmiao includes not only the content of the belief itself,but also the process of interaction with the regional social public.The construction of Guan Miao by local officials in Shanxi was influenced by the state power,but its degree was different at various time nodes.So the earlier the time,the more affected by national policies.While Ming Dynasty has witnessed the fastest development of official temples in Shanxi.It was not until the early and middle of the Qing Dynasty that the pattern of official worship places for Guan Yu was basically formed in all prefectures and counties.Shanxi Guan Miao was in a preliminary development period before Wanli of the Ming Dynasty.From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty to the early and middle Ming Dynasty,the establishment of Guan Miao showed a gradual growth,but the growth rate was quite slow.Its number began to increase greatly since the Wanli period,and the speed of development was obviously accelerated,thus entering a new historical period of rapid development.The late Ming Dynasty was the first peak period for the establishment of Guan Miao in Shanxi.Guan Miao maintained a stable development trend in the early and middle periods of the Qing Dynasty,and the number of creation and repair decreased quickly in the later period.Hence it can be seen that in the early and middle period of the Qing Dynasty,the pattern of "Guandi Temple" was basically formed in every village in Shanxi.While the southeast area of Shanxi Province is the region with the highest overall development level of Guan Yu Belief.Shizhou,Zezhou,Xiaoyi County,Gaoping County,Licheng County,Qinshui County,Shouyang County and Xiezhou are known to have a relatively high number of Guan Miao creation and maintenance.The important factors for the formation of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Guan Miao in Shanxi including national significance on Guan Yu,the promotion and financial support of the Jin merchants to Guan Yu’s belief and the social unrest.The names of Guan Miao in different historical stages show diverse characteristics of the times,and at the same time they indicate certain characteristics of advance or delay."Guan Hou Temple","Zhuang Miao Hou Temple","Guan Gong Temple","Guan Wang Temple","Yi-Yong Wu ’an King Temple","Guan Di Temple","Guan Shengdijun Temple","Guan Shengdadi Temple" and so on,all of which reflect the different periods of title on the Guan Miao.Guan Yu’s personality and divinity characteristics are embodied in the "Guan Sheng Temple","Guan Master Temple","The Great Temple of Benevolence and Courage" and "The Temple of Loyalty and Righteousness".Common names such as "Master Guan" reflect public understanding of Guan Yu’s beliefs in different regions.The God of Wealth,Er Lang,Wen Chang,Dragon King,Sheng Mu,Guan Yin and San Guan are some deities closely related to Guan Yu in Shanxi local society.There are three kinds of common organizations in Shanxi: the government,the village community and the Guan Di Association,which is a special organization for the temple management.Officials,local elite,businessmen,women,craftsmen,monks and Taoists and other religious groups all participated in the creation and maintenance of Guan Miao.Provincial recruitment is mainly in the northern region,including Qinghai,Gansu,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Henan,etc.There are also fund-raising activities in Jiangsu,Hunan,Fujian and other southern regions.The expenses of temple construction and repair can be divided into two categories: the expenses of craftsmen and the expenses of materials.Protecting peace and blessing disaster are the most basic beliefs appeal of the people to Guan Yu.In the tablet inscriptions of Guan Miao,the common issues related to village community governance can be divided into two types: prohibition tablet and lawsuit tablet.