The Occupational Mobility In The Tang Dynasty And Song Dynasty And The Structural Changes Caused By It

During the revival and continuous prosperity of commodity economy in the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty,with the sway and removal of occupational barriers such as the ban on industrial and commercial entry and the super-economic compulsory cultivation of self-cultivated peasants in the Middle-Ancient,the imperial examination system is gradually opened to all class of society.Inspired by the dual goals of seeking fame and gaining wealth,occupational mobility with salient features that peasants,artisans and merchants pursuing promotion on officials and peasants extending to artisans and merchants,as well as the part-time operation of scholars,peasants,artisans and merchants,all contribute to the "three integrations of bureaucrats,landlords,and businessmen" and the "three integrations of agriculture,industry,and business".The convection and compatibility between occupations become more frequently and normally,which has made the closed and rigid situation replaced by an open and flexible outlook in the occupational area since the Han Dynasty and Jin Dynasty,Completing the transformation from "the separation of four class of people" to "the non-separation of four class of people".The increasing occupational mobility has created a new occupational structure where it takes plebs as the backbone in the bureaucratic team.Plus,the professional division of labor has evolved from "four levels of people" to "six levels of people" and the differences in occupational hierarchies have faded.To some extent,the social structure has become opening,civilian and equalized,and the fundamental mode of the later period in traditional Chinese society can be formed on this basis.