Study On Jinghu’s Military Commissioners And Middle Defence Line In Late Song Dynasty

As one of the three major lines of defense in the northern border of the Southern Song Dynasty,the Jinghu Line played an important role in defending the national defense of the Song Dynasty,contacting Wu and Shu and defending the east and west.The military commissioners of the frontier defense war zone in the late Song Dynasty ware the leader of the control system.As the highest military commander of Jinghu line of defense,they were very important in the situation of strong enemy and national defense crisis in the late Song Dynasty.Studying of them about election,identity,term of office,authority,deeds,etc.On the one hand,we can know the border policy of the late Song Dynasty and the defense situation of the Jinghu line,on the other hand,we can analyze the personnel contradiction and the reasons of the final collapse of the defense line.In the late Song Dynasty,the selection of military commissioners who had abundant experience in official affairs and skilled soldiers,showing the efforts of the government in the frontier defense in front of the reality of border defense and constant war;In the late Song Dynasty,the military commissioners mainly selected civil servants,which showed the continuation of the traditional national policy of governing the country with culture.In the late Song Dynasty,military commissioners were appointed as the envoy of the Jinghu system,which showed the adjustment of the Song Dynasty’s emphasis on culture over military family law.In the late Song Dynasty,the term of commissioners were long or short,which usually depended on the capable or the mediocre,but the length of them tenure also related to the support of the court rulers.Zhao Fang and LU Wende can sit in Jinghu for a long time,which were inseparable from the powerful of the centre court.The functions and powers of the military commissioners of Jinghu system were gradually expanding,from the initial military power to the military,political and financial power and the highest power of Jinghu in the late Song Dynasty.most of them actively acted,played an important role in raising arms and consolidating border defense,and contributed to prolonging the national sovereignty in the Southern Song Dynasty.In the late Song Dynasty,there were successive political disputes.As a high-ranking political in the border region,the selection and appointment of Jinghu were bound to be closely related to the main political officials.When things were urgent and need to be made change,those who were trusted often had no worries,while those who were weak were at a loss and treated negatively.Influenced by the border defense arrangement and the likes and dislikes of the main government,the generals of the Jinghu war zone often can’t cooperate together to form a situation.Under the frequent wars in the late Song Dynasty,Jinghu military commissioners still needed to contact up and down,thus weakening their own defense strength,and the gain of false information made the troops of Jinghu improper.All these political and social problems in the late Song Dynasty and the problems of Jinghu border self-defense had become one of the reasons for the collapse of Jinghu defense line.