| The study of mind nature is the study of “inner sageliness” of Confucianism,which is the core part of Confucianism with “Humanology” as its essence.Since the Han and Tang Dynasties,the study of exegesis of chapters and sentence did not promote the further development of the study of Confucian mind nature,so that Confucianism was unable to fight back under the impact of Buddhism and Taoism and gradually declined.Therefore,the Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty all chose the idea of mind nature as the breakthrough point,to respond to the challenge of Buddhism and Taoism,and revitalize Confucianism.This is also the case with Hu Hong and Zhu Xi.They faced the same social problems and undertook the same mission of the times.In addition,they both inherited the thought of “Er-Cheng-Luo-Xue” to same extent,and Zhu Xi had been exchanging knowledge with Zhang Shi,the disciple of Hu Hong,so there are some similarities in their mind-nature thoughts.However,due to the influence of personal character,academic origin and social background,there are many difference in their mental thoughts.Both Hu Hong and Zhu Xi regard nature as the basis for the existence of all things,but Hu Hong further regards nature as the highest noumenon of the universe,while Zhu Xi believes that the principle of heaven is the origin of all things.In addition,Hu Hong believed that the difference between people and things lies in the fact that human nature obtains the whole of heaven and earth,while material nature does not.Zhu Xi believed that the difference between people and things lies in the difference of pure and turbidity.In terms of the good and evil of nature,Hu Hong believed that nature,as the highest noumenon,could not be defined by the secular good and evil,but he also affirmed the existence of “Good Knowledge and Good Ability” in human nature.Zhu Xi believed that nature is justice.The justice is pure good without evil,which naturally deduced that human nature is good.On the exposition of the heartm both Hu Hong and Zhu Xi affirmed the role of the mind in conscious thinking,and further put forward the idea that “The mind overrules all things”.They all believed that there was a difference between the “Ren-Xin” and the “Dao-Xin”,which was due to the perception of the two tendencies,not had two hearts.In terms of the relationship between mind and nature,both Hu Hong and Zhu Xi believed that although mind and nature could not be separated and confused.Hu Hong believed that mind was the expression of nature.However,Zhu Xi believed that mind and nature could not be spoken to each other,so he put forward that the relationship between the mind and nature should be that the mind governs nature and the mind is the master of nature.Hu Hong thought nature is in the undisturbed state but the mind is just the opposite.“Zhong” is the “Ti Duan” of nature,and mind’s “Ti Duan” is“Ji-Ran-Gan-Tong”.But Zhu Xi thought “Wei Fa” and “Yi Fa” were two states of mind.But could not say “Wei Fa” is nature or “Yi Fa” is mid.At the same time,Zhu Xi did not think “Ji-Ran-Gan-Tong” is not only about mind as Hu Hong said.As for the cultivation of mind,neither Hu Hong nor Zhu Xi denied the importance of observation and self-cultivation,but they were different in the specific cultivation methods.Hu Hong,following Cheng Hao and Xie Liangzuo,proposed to grasp the origin of conscience between profit and desire,and then expand it with self-cultivation to recognize the essence of goodness.Zhu Xi inherited the thought of Cheng Yi,and believed that we should first cultivate our own mind,and then realize the nature through the accumulation of investigating things and verity. |
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