A Study On "The Theory Of Ben Se" Of Poetic Prose In The Middle And Late Ming Dynasty

"The theory of Ben Se" is an important theory of ancient Chinese literary theory.It has officially entered the field of literary criticism since Liu Xie’s Wen Xin Diao Long.It gradually matured in the poetic criticism of the Song Dynasty,widely used in opera,poetry and prose criticism of the Ming Dynasty."The theory of Ben Se " of poetic prose was particularly prosperous in the middle and late period of the Ming Dynasty.Li Dongyang and the Classicist School Xie Zhen,Wang Shizhen,Wang Shimao,Hu Yinglin,and the Tang and Song School,Tang Shunzhi,Mao Kun,the Gong’an School Yuan Zongdao,Yuan Hongdao,the Jingling school Zhong Kui,Tan Yuanchun,Donglin literati Gu Xiancheng,Gu Yuncheng,Gao Panlong,the School of Mind Wang Yangming,Wang Ji,Luo Hongxian,the Wild zenists Li Zi,and some independent scholars such as Yang Shen,Yuan Huang,Lu Shiyong,etc.They all talked about "Ben Se".Prior to the middle and late period of the Ming Dynasty,the connotation of " Ben Se " in the field of literary criticism pointed to the authenticity and model of the literary style.Under the influence of the Retro trend,Wang Yangming’s School of Mind trend,and Practical Academic trend,the connotation of "Ben Se" has undergone a major change.This paper makes a comprehensive study of "The theory of Ben Se" in the middle and late Ming dynasty,showing its development and change,grasping the connotation and important value,and exploring the relationship between the evolution of literary ideas and the development of literature.Under the influence of the retro trend,aiming at the phenomenon of "Break" in style,the Classicist group discusses the "Ben Se",traces to its source in the stylistic category,reveals the attributes of each genre of poetry from macroscopical and microcosmic point of view,and advocates the classical and gentle "style-and-tune".However,it is not limited to distinguish stylistic features and norms,but has the consciousness of "general change".Advocating "poet’s Ben Se" and "true self" shows the importance of "emotion",and contains the rebellion against "ethics".Facing up to the characteristics of each era and each writer,and paying attention to the emotion of poetry have planted the seed for the new change of "Ben Se".Under the influence of the Wang Yangming’s School of Mind,the connotation of "Ben Se" has renewed from the tang-song school.In view of the disadvantages of blind imitation and shortage of independent spirit of the Classicist Group,Tang-Song school changed their attention from the external style of literature to the "true spirit" of the writers,emphasized the important position of the subject’s mind in literary creation,paid attention to the unity of personality and literature thinking,and regarded the true expression of the writer’s own heart as the "Ben Se".Li zhi’s "the childlike heart" and the " soul and spirit " of the Gong’an school both point to the "Ben Se" of human beings.Under the guidance of Wang Yangming’s theory of "no good,no evil",the author sees the "real" as "Ben Se" of human beings,restores the original nature of literature in accordance with human nature,and the core idea of literature is "taking real person as the true text".At the same time,since the later period of the Gong’an school,the connotation of "Ben Se" tended to be eclectic,and the "Ben Se" of the Jingling school sought the fuse of "restoration" and " soul and spirit ",striving to achieve the ideal state of respecting both spirit and style.It shows that the "being passionate about expressing feelings " in the late Ming dynasty began to return to the rational spirit after going through a period of high tide.Under the influence of practical trend,Gao Panlong and Lu Shiyong’s "Ben Se" criticism,one in morality,the other in poetry,has the meaning of "identifying the source of authenticity" and "bringing order out of chaos".On the nature of human being,Gao Panlong wanted to rebuild values for good and evil,and adjust the natural humanity with moral humanity.Lu Shiyong’s poems on "Ben Se" emphasize "neutralization" and "advocating truth and plain",receive the "true" and "natural" of the Gong’an school and the "thick" of the Jingling school,which show the doublethink personality of observing tradition and departing from it in the late Ming dynasty.In fact,the theory of "Ben Se" has the meaning of "ontology",which is the understanding to the original and essential characteristics of literary creation.The "Ben Se" of poetic prose in the middle and late Ming dynasty is the integration of "true spirit"," the childlike heart " and " soul and spirit ".In the course of the evolution of the "Ben Se",the "style theory" of retro gradually lost its social and literary space.The literati’s discussion of "Ben Se" gradually turned to the writer’s inner and spiritual world.The connotation of "Ben Se" is "opposite","complementary" and "cross" between restoration and reform,and authenticity is the common pursuit of all schools of the late Ming dynasty.From adhering to the external system to paying attention to the inner feelings,from the pursuit of the style of "the source" to literary authenticity,the theory of "Ben Se" reflects the Ming dynasty literature from the worship of " Confucianism" to the worship of "plain" of the literary concept of the evolution,a change from stylistic consciousness to human consciousness.In the middle and late Ming dynasty,the theory of "Ben Se" established the value standard with "true and false" as the core.In terms of literary aesthetics,the aesthetic concept of "truth" is re-established,and the true feeling of the writer’s inner heart becomes the value scale.Poetic creation tends to aestheticize personalized daily life.The evolution of "Ben Se" promoted the development of literature in the Ming dynasty,indicating that the literati had a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the characteristics of literature and the law of creation,and also manifested the inner vitality of literature.