Engels’ Criticism Of Dühring’s View Of Nature And Its Contemporary Value

" Anti-Dühring" is one of Engels’ classic representative works,it’s also a monument in the development history of Marxism.Engels’ s " Anti-Dühring" contains rich theories of nature.These viewpoints are one of the important theories of Marxist environmental philosophy,it is based on a comprehensive and systematic analysis and criticism of Dühring’s viewpoints of nature.On the First Part of " Anti-Dühring",it is expound Philosophy.In this prat,Engels criticized Dühring’s view of nature,including the basic form of existence,the principles of natural knowledge,society,history and so on,established the materialistic view of nature.Engels took Dühring’s transcendental idealism view on the issue of scientific classification as an entry point,clarified the principle of material unity in the world,and criticized Dühring’s idealism and eclectic views on world unity.Finally,the article expounds the environmental ethics value of Engels’ ecological nature view.Specifically,the following three main elements are analysed:First,author systematically sort out Dühring’s view of nature from " Anti-Dühring".The content includes that the actual context of Dühring ’s view of nature at that time was the rise of the international proletariat struggle,and the widespread spread of Marxism,which threatened the rule of the bourgeoisie;Dühring ’s philosophy of nature originated from the principle of enlightenment and the Kant ’s machinery View of Nature and Hegel ’s “absolute spirit”,etc.;finally,the core purposes of Dühring ’s view of nature include: the transcendental nature view of “principle first”,the idealistic view of nature “the world is unified with existence”,and the mechanical and metaphysical view of time and space,and the view of "eternal truth" in the moral world.Second,Engels systematically criticized Dühring’s view of nature and clarified the dialectical view of nature of materialism..he criticized Dühring’s transcendental idealistic view of nature of "principles first",clarified the dialectical relationship between Thinking and beinge,discussed the relationship between human,nature,and "principles" in epistemology,and discussed the nature of nature;criticized Dühring’s theory of "the unity of the world in principle" of the world model,clarifies that "the unity of the world lies in its materiality";It criticized the mechanical and metaphysical view of space and time of Dühring,clarifies the dialectical relationship between substance,time and space,and reveals that substance is the carrier of time and space,time and space are exist ways of material;Criticized Dühring’s historical eternal truth and morality,and clarifyies the historicity and reality of freedom.Third,Systematic interpretation of the environmental ethics value of Dühring’s critique of nature: Engels indirectly expounded the dialectical materialist concept of nature through critique of Dühring’s concept of nature,and provided a scientific "ontological proof" for Marxist philosophy;It has important epistemological and methodological significance for us to accurately understand the essential regulations of nature and people,scientifically understand the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness,effectively ease the tension between people and nature,and build a socialist ecological civilization.