Political Science And Historical Science ——From The Perspectiveof Althusser’s Interpretation Of Montesquieu

As a pioneer in laying the foundation of the Western democratic political system,Montesquieu has always been regarded by the Western liberal schools as an image of a bourgeois revolutionary fighter who attacked the autocracy.However,unlike previous research perspectives,Althusser did not regard Montesquieu as a representative of the interests of the bourgeoisie.A new form of science different from the past,an unconscious precursor to Marx’s "science of history".Montesquieu emphasized the analysis and practice of real political theory in a specific historical situation.He refused to judge what is based on what it should be,but only wanted to give the real necessity of history the form of a law,which he used from the facts.diversity and their variation.Therefore,Althusser affirmed Montesquieu’s new methods,new objects and new discoveries,and considered Montesquieu to be the founder of political science.On the other hand,"the shadow of time" and "the splendor of commentary" obscured Montesquieu’s true intentions hidden under the complicated materials.It analyzes the real historical tendency of Montesquieu in "The Spirit of the Laws",reveals the myth of its separation of powers and clarifies the false understanding of Montesquieu’s political views in later generations.Although Althusser did not specifically discuss the Enlightenment,he focused on the history and politics of the 17 th and 18 th centuries.In fact,this was a clean-up of the philosophy of history and politics during the Enlightenment.In Montesquieu:Politics and History,we can see the initial presentation of most of the themes he later revisits.This article attempts to take Althusser’s research on Montesquieu as the starting point,and his less-explored early work "Montesquieu: Politics and History" as the text basis to examine and analyze it from the standpoint of Marxism.Explore the state of nature proposed by Montesquieu as an Enlightenment thinker and the real political tendencies embodied in the three regimes in The Spirit of the Laws,and try to take Althusser’s interpretation of Montesquieu as a perspective,Interpretation of Montesquieu’s epistemological break between theory and practice,constructs the basic idea of Althusser’s political philosophy,and sees through the development of Western political philosophy.While revealing another unknown Montesquieu image,it also highlights the profoundness of Althusser’s theoretical analysis.