On The Supervision System Of Yuan Dynasty And Its Contemporary Enlightenment

China’s ancient supervision system sprouted in the pre-Qin period,formed and defined in the Qin and Han Dynasties,improved in the Tang and Song Dynasties,and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Yuan Dynasty was the first centralized feudal dynasty established by ethnic minorities in China.The supervisory system of the Yuan Dynasty not only absorbed,supplemented and improved the advantages of the supervisory system since the Tang and Song Dynasties,but also integrated and innovated on the basis of inheritance,so that the original supervisory system of the Central Plains Dynasty and the habits of the Mongols permeated each other,and formulated a supervisory system that could meet the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty,which is of great significance for maintaining the national social order and ensuring the rule of the Mongolian aristocracy.After that,the supervisory system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited and developed on the basis of the supervisory system of the Yuan Dynasty,and reached the peak of the supervisory system of the feudal society.In other words,the supervision system of the Yuan Dynasty started from the Tang and Song Dynasties and inherited from the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which has very important research value.Compared with the supervision system of the previous dynasty,the supervision system of the Yuan Dynasty has its own characteristics,mainly focusing on the following aspects: the supervision law is more complete and the supervision authority is more diverse;The supervision organization is more rigorous and the scope of supervision is wider;The supervision system is more independent,and the quality and status of supervision officials are higher.Although the supervision system of the Yuan Dynasty has been very complete from the legal system to the practical operation,the original intention of the system is to maintain the privileged rule of the Mongolian aristocracy,which has the characteristics of ethnic discrimination,and was affected by the bad atmosphere of officialdom and political corruption in the middle and later period,the existing problems have gradually been exposed,and the supervision system gradually exists in name.With the decline and demise of the Yuan Dynasty,the supervision system of the Yuan Dynasty also came to an end.With the continuous increase of national anti-corruption efforts,discipline inspection and supervision organs play an increasingly important role in anti-corruption work.Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the reform of China’s supervision system has been deepening.The anti-corruption and anti malfeasance departments of procuratorial organs at all levels have completed the transfer of their posts.They have established supervision committees at all levels with supervision departments at all levels,built an authoritative and efficient supervision system,and realized the full coverage of the supervision of national public officials.After that,laws and regulations such as the supervision law,the regulations on the implementation of the supervision law,the supervisor law and inner-party regulations have been promulgated successively,which provide legal support for further promoting the reform of China’s supervision system.Although China’s supervision system reform has achieved certain results,there are still many deficiencies and areas for improvement.For example,the supervision organs lack relative independence,the supervision authority and supporting measures need to be strengthened,and the comprehensive quality of the supervision team needs to be improved.This paper summarizes the supervision system of the Yuan Dynasty,summarizes its experience,analyzes its shortcomings,and provides some suggestions for the further improvement and development of China’s current supervision system.This article is divided into five parts.The first part mainly discusses the reasons for the emergence of the supervision system from three aspects: the need to maintain the centralization of power,the need to rectify the administration of officials and the need to improve administrative efficiency;This paper discusses the characteristics of the supervision system in the Yuan Dynasty from the aspects of the independence of the supervision system,the codification of the supervision law,the excellence of the supervision officials and the diversity of the supervision authority.The second part mainly discusses the establishment and function of the supervisory organization in yuan Dynasty.The Yuan Dynasty established a complete set of supervision system from the central to the local,that is,the central imperial historian and the local imperial historian,the administration of the clean and honest visit,and from the administration,justice,personnel,economic and other aspects of the supervision.The third part discusses the operation mechanism of the Yuan Dynasty’s supervision system from four aspects: complete and detailed supervision laws and regulations,well-organized supervision system,comprehensive official management mode and various forms of supervision authority.The fourth part compares the effect of supervision system in the early yuan Dynasty and the middle and late Yuan Dynasty,and analyzes the reasons for the great difference between the two supervision systems.This paper analyzes the reasons for the good effect of the supervision system in the early yuan Dynasty from the aspects of the supreme ruler’s attention,the efficient organization and management system and the supervision officials’ attention to self-cultivation.This paper analyzes the reasons for the poor effect of the supervision system in the late Yuan Dynasty from the aspects of the bad influence of the old system,the contradictions in the operation of the supervision mechanism,and the corruption of the ruling class.The fifth part discusses the experience in the construction of the Yuan Dynasty’s supervision system from four aspects: the Yuan Dynasty’s vertically independent supervision system,complete supervision laws and regulations,high standard and strict management mode and perfect supervision working mechanism,which provides enlightenment for the reform of China’s supervision system.