The Comprehensive Study On Tiger Patterns On Bronze Wares In Northern China During The Shang And Zhou Dynasties

Tiger pattern is one of the common patterns on bronzes in northern China during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.This thesis takes tiger pattern and tiger shape bronze ware as the research object,uses typology and cultural factor analysis to study,carves out its evolution through the characteristics of tiger pattern,and discusses the cultural connotation reflected by it and the cultural exchanges between different regions.The first part of the thesis is the introduction.Firstly,the scope of time and space to be studied in this thesis is defined and related concepts are explained.Secondly,this thesis reviews the research history of tiger pattern on bronzes in northern China during the Shang and Zhou dynasties,and summarizes the current research status.Finally,the research method and purpose,research characteristics and innovation of this thesis are briefly explained.The second part is the classification of tiger pattern of bronzes in northern China during shang and Zhou dynasties.First,the images of the tiger are divided into three dimensions,plane relief and transparent carving according to the expressive techniques.Then,the typology method is used to further classify and divide the research objects.The third part is the stage study of tiger pattern of bronzes in northern China during shang and Zhou dynasties.According to the age,the tiger pattern of bronze ware with a clear location can be divided into three periods and six periods: the three periods are the beginning period,the forming period and the flourishing period respectively.The six stages are early Shang Period,late Shang Period,early and middle Western Zhou Period,late Western Zhou period to early Spring and Autumn period,middle and late Spring and Autumn period to early Warring States period,middle and late Warring States period.The evolution of tiger pattern of bronze wares in northern China during shang and Zhou dynasties is analyzed by stages.The fourth part is the research on the division of tiger pattern of bronzes in northern China during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.According to the geographical environment and cultural features,north China is divided into three regions: east China,central China and west China.The east China is centered on north and south Yanshan Mountains,the middle China is centered on south Inner Mongolia and Shanxi and Shaanxi Plateau dominated by Ordos and Daihai,and the west China is centered on Ganning region.The spread and evolution of tiger pattern of bronze ware in northern China during shang and Zhou dynasties in different spatial ranges are analyzed through zoning.The fifth part is a comparative study on the tiger pattern of bronzes seen in other areas of China and abroad.In the central plains,southwest region,xinjiang region and overseas Eurasian steppe region similar tiger image study,analysis which involves cultural factors related to the northern China bronze tiger stripes,teasing out the native culture and foreign culture factors,the vision amplification,tiger stripes in a larger range of time and space characteristics and rheology.The sixth part is the cultural interaction reflected by the tiger pattern on bronze ware in northern China during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Firstly,it infers the ethnic connotation of tiger patterns.The tiger patterns in northern China are closely related to Rong,Di,Hu and other ethnic groups.The curly tiger pattern may be the earliest totem of Shanrong ethnic group.The crouching or standing tiger shaped signboards are typical relics of the Di people.Similar tiger shaped signboards are also common in the remains of the Hu people in the later process of cultural exchanges.Next,it discusses the basis,route and mode of cultural exchange between northern China and its surrounding areas from the late Bronze Age to the early iron age.At present,it seems that there are at least three influential transmission paths of "going north,going west and going south" : one is from the upper culture of Xiajiadian at the northern foot of The Yanshan Mountains to the Mongolian Plateau and outer Baikal region;One was spread from the northern foot of Yanshan to the southern foot of Yanshan,and then continued to the west,through daihai area,Ordos Plateau,Ganning area,Xinjiang area,and further spread to the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor;Another was spread from the northern foot of the Yanshan Mountains to the Ganning region and then along the half-moon border culture belt to the Yunnan-Guichuan region in southwest China.It can be seen that the spread of tiger pattern in bronzes in northern China is multi-directional and the influence is also very extensive.The cultural factors involved in tiger stripes are more diverse.The various tribes in northern China have evolved from "gathering together more than 100 people,but no one can unite" to forming a unified northern cultural belt,which reflects the cultural interaction in many aspects.At the same time,such cultural exchanges also laid the foundation for the formation of the Silk Road.