Research On The Relationships Among The Dark Triad,Facial Expression,Facial Attractiveness And Cooperative Behavior

Cooperation issues have always been the main focus in human society,cooperation plays a vital role in the development of society.Nowadays,many countries have vigorously advocated win-win cooperation since it can obviously promote social development.However,due to the effect of personal traits,not everyone is willing to cooperate in reality.Dark triad reflects the dark side of one’s personality,individuals with this trait are lack of empathy and are self-centered,they tend to manipulate others,achieve their goals by any means and pursue their maximum self-interests.The expense of individual interests is required in win-win cooperation,however,the gain and loss of self-interests is what those with dark triad trait care most about.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss the relationship between dark triad trait and cooperative behavior.Former findings suggest that facial expression and facial attractiveness have an influence on people’s cooperative behavior,but there is no further research on the effect of facial expression and facial attractiveness on cooperative behavior of individuals with different levels of personality traits.This study aims to discuss the effect of facial expression and facial attractiveness on cooperative behavior of individuals with different levels of dark triad trait.Participants in this study are all undergraduates.Prior to the formal experiment,7-point Likert scale was used to evaluate 40 images including 20 male faces and 20 female faces,10 faces of high facial attractiveness（5 male faces and 5 female faces）and 10 faces of low facial attractiveness（5 male faces and 5 female faces）were selected based on the score.Study 1 used adaptive paradigm of prisoner’s dilemma to discuss the relationship between dark triad trait and cooperative behavior.Study 2mainly focused on the effect of facial expression on cooperative behavior and cooperative behavior of individuals with different levels of dark triad trait.Study 3discussed the effect of facial attractiveness on cooperative behavior and cooperative behavior of individuals with different levels of dark triad trait.The results are shown below:（1）Individuals with different levels of dark triad trait show differences in cooperative behavior,that is,individuals with higher level of dark triad trait have less cooperative behavior.（2）The relationship between cooperative behavior and facial expression appears in a diminishing order,that is,individuals tend to have more,less and the least cooperative behavior when facing happy,neutral,and angry expression,respectively.When facing angry and neutral expression,individuals with high level of dark triad trait and individuals with low level of dark triad trait show no difference in cooperative behavior.When facing happy expression,comparing to individuals with high level of dark triad trait,individuals with low level of dark triad trait have more cooperative behavior.Angry expression can decrease cooperative behavior of both individuals with high level of dark triad trait and individuals with low level of dark triad trait;neutral expression has no effect on cooperative behavior of either individuals with high level of dark triad trait or individuals with low level of dark triad trait;happy expression can notably promote cooperative behavior of individuals with high level of dark triad trait but has no apparent influence on cooperative behavior of individuals with low level of dark triad trait.（3）Individuals prefer to cooperate with faces of high facial attractiveness when they are presented to faces of high facial attractiveness and faces of low facial attractiveness.When they are presented to faces of high facial attractiveness and faces of low facial attractiveness,individuals with high level of dark triad trait and individuals with low level of dark triad trait show no difference in cooperative behavior.Faces of low facial attractiveness can decrease cooperative behavior of individuals with low level of dark triad trait,but it has no notable effect on those with high level of dark triad trait;Faces of high facial attractiveness can promote cooperative behavior of individuals with high dark triad trait,but it has no notable effect on those with low level of dark triad trait.According to the conclusions,cooperative behaviors decreases when the level of dark triad trait gets higher.Happy expression and faces of high facial attractiveness are more advantageous in cooperation.Happy expression is advantageous in promoting cooperative behavior of both individuals with high level of dark triad trait and individuals with low level of dark triad trait,while faces of high facial attractiveness are only advantageous when facing individuals with high dark triad trait.