Research On The Environmental Impact Assessment Model Of Civil Buildings Based On The Whole Life Cycle

With the promotion of urban and rural planning,China’s civil buildings continue to develop which has driven the rapid growth of the national economy.However,it has brought about huge resource consumption,severe environmental problemsand even irreversible ecological damage.It directly violates the sustainable development concept of the coordination between economic and social development and ecological environment.Civil buildings in the life cycle affect the surrounding environment directly or indirectly,including the decision making anddesign period,construction period,operation period and demolition period.With the continuous improvement of the environmental impact assessment system,the model of the environmental impact assessment for civil buildings is also being explored continuously.However,the research of environmental impact assessment models based on the life cycle of civil buildings is still lagging behind seriously,and the project decision-making department and construction department are lack of relevant reference basis.It is urgent to carry out the research in this field.Environmental impact assessment(EIA)is to analyze,evaluate and demonstrate the possible impacts on the surrounding environment of the proposed project through certain research methods and technical means.It provides relevant guidance suggestions and prevention measures for the project decision-making,which helps to solve the environmental problems caused by human activities.Taking the XXX project in Jinan as an example,this thesisstudies the civil building environmental impact assessment model based on the life cycle.The environmental impact factors of the project are identified and the evaluation factors are determined respectively from the environmental pollution status of air environment,water environment,acoustic environment,soil environment and other aspects in the life cycle of civil buildings.The main environmentally sensitive protection targets are identified according to the local urban functions,natural ecological functions and environmental functions.Thus,the EIA index system of Jinan XXX project is constructed.According to the characteristics of the project,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used to compare and score all the indicators to determine the weight of the indicators,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to quantify the environmental friendliness of building projects.Finally,the environmental problems caused by the construction project are determined,reasonable and feasible environmental pollution prevention and control measures are formulated,and practical and feasible ecological protection and pollution control countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the construction of the project.According to the results of the case study,the most significant stages of the impact on the natural environment is the construction period and the operation period.In the construction period,the resource consumption is the largest and the pollution to the environment is more serious and relatively direct.It has a long-term impact on the natural environment during the operation period.In addition,the impact of demolition period on the environment is particularly important and can not be ignored,which is an important part of promoting the sustainable development of civil buildings.The impact degree in the decisionmakinganddesign period is small and indirect,but this stage directly affects the subsequent construction and operation of the project,so it is essential to carry out the environmental impact assessment in this stage.Therefore,we must pay attention to the environmental impact management of the life cycle of civil buildings.This model has certain reference significance and application value for the development of similar civil buildings in practice.It can provide judgment basis for government management departments to access the environmental impact assessment of construction projects properly and control the project access and source control strictly.It can provide reference for construction companies to carry out their work in accordance with the standards.It can be realized together the sustainable development strategy of the coordination between civil building construction and ecological environment.The quality of human living environment can be continuously improved.