A Study Of The Western And Chinese Salutations Found In "Historical Records"

As an inevitable linguistic expression in people’s communication,the studies of address forms are one of the hotspots in linguistic research.The language of the records of the qin and han dynasties in Records of the Grand Historian of China《史记》)reflects the Chinese in the early western han dynasty and is an important corpus for the study of ancient Chinese in the later period.On the basis of sorting out the western han address in Records of the Grand Historian of China《史记》),This paper makes case studies on the cognitive processing and pragmatic effects of some address words.By comparing the similarities and differences in the cognitive processing of various types of address forms,this paper tries to explain some linguistic phenomena related to the pragmatics and semantics of address forms in western han dynasty.The full text includes six parts.The introduction introduces the content of this study and its value in the study of the history of ancient vocabulary,pragmatics,and the interpretation of Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》),briefly reviews the general situation of the research on address terms,and defines the research perspectives of cognition and pragmatics.Chapter 1 introduces the background of this research,including the relevant theories of pragmatic analysis and cognitive analysis,the edition and corpus characteristics of Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》),the definition of the address forms and its relationship with address terms,and the determination standard of address in Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》).On the basis of classification,chapter 2 investigates the usage of address in the western han dynasty in Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》).It explains the classification principle of address forms at first;Secondly,according to the characteristics of the address forms and combined with the use cases of Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》),the classification standards are illustrated.The last of this chapter describes the number and context distribution of various address forms of Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》).Chapter 3 selects some typical address forms to carry on the case study.Combining historical documents and previous achievements,using cognitive reference point theory and conceptual synthesis theory,the paper Deduces the linguistic meaning of address words in various situational contexts and discusses the influence of contextual factors such as communicative relationship,communicator’s psychology,political system,psychological culture and social relationship on the pragmatics and semantics of address form.The author compares the similarities and differences in the meanings of address forms in different contexts,and tries to conclude the relationship among pragmatic,semantic and pragmatic contexts of address forms.Chapter 4 analyzes the application value of the study of address language in the western han dynasty in Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》),including:analyzing the ambiguity and irony in the pragmatic use of address forms,and interpreting the text of Records of the Grand Historian of China《史记》),To analyze the specific contextual meaning of address forms and compare the gains and losses of different versions;This part analyzes the conceptual dimension of western han address in Records of the Grand Historian of China《史记》)and explores its historical and cultural connotation.The epilogue summarizes the whole paper,explains the characteristics and pragmatic principles of the western han address forms in Records of the Grand Historian of China《史记》),and points out the shortcomings of this study.It is found that(1)The title,posthumous title,temple title and status title are frequently used in the western han address forms,which reflects the main content of the text of Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》),is military and political affairs.(2)The change of context caused by the political system from the warring states period to the qin and han dynasties made the pre-qin aristocratic terms of address generalized to the general social terms,and also made the aristocratic terms and official titles born in the qin and han dynasties stable in terms of semantics and pragmatics.(3)In Records of the Grand Historian of China《史记》),the linguistic meaning of the western han dynasty address,that is,the target entity in the cognitive reference point model,can be highlighted in the psychological space in two ways:the explicit way is that the speaker directly describes the referential characteristics through the external language,and the implicit way is that the listener clearly refers to the characteristics through pragmatic reasoning during construal.Both ways can activate the conceptual domain in the communicator’s mental space.The more conceptual domains activated by address,the stronger the emotion displayed.The more the meaning dimension of the concept,the more accurate the description of the signified.(4)In Records of the Grand Historian of China(《史记》),the linguistic meaning of address language in the western han dynasty is closely related to context.When the situational context of address language is consistent with its systematic context,the conceptual processing of address language is completed in the form of extracting long-term memory.When the context of the situation does not match the context of the system,the communicator will make complex processing of the meaning of the address according to other information in the situation,and then deduce its contextual meaning.When context does not provide inferential information,effective conversation cannot be achieved.