The Theoretical Study Of Schutz's Life World From The Perspective Of Historical Materialism

At the historical moment when our country embarks on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way,General Secretary Xi emphasized that culture is an important fulcrum to promote high-quality development;culture is an important factor and source of strength to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life while there are risks and challenges on the way forward.The closer we get to the goal of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,the more attention we must pay to the value of culture.Therefore,it is very necessary to strengthen the in-depth discussion of Marxist cultural philosophy in the current era.Schütz’s theory of the world of life,as a theory of the return of philosophy from an abstract concept to the real "life world" in cultural philosophy,will help us to strengthen the connection between cultural philosophy theory and the real society,and allow philosophy to return to People themselves providing a better cultural fulcrum for people’s life.From the perspective of historical materialism,the author uses the basic viewpoints in Marxist theory such as the relationship between social consciousness and social existence and the relative independence of social consciousness to study Schütz’s theory of life world in order to improve the comprehensive scientific and historical understanding of his theoretical research.The first chapter of this essay expounds the historical inevitability of Schütz’s life-world theory.On the one hand,it expounds the inevitable influence of the historical environment on the life-world theory from three aspects: social background,scientific background,and cultural background;on the other hand,it selects Husserl’s life-world theory and Weber’s sociology of understanding which has a major influence on the formation of Schütz’s theory and goes into in-depth study,so as to analyze the formation path of the internal logic of Schütz’s life-world theory,and then explain the historical inevitability of the formation of Schütz’s life-world theory.The second chapter of this essay mainly elaborates the main content of Schütz’s life world theory.Schütz believes that human beings interact with the life world mainly through two basic methods: typology and common sense.The life world has three basic characteristics: direct giving,mutual subjectivity and uncertainty.Schütz analyzes the internal structure of the life world from the three dimensions of time,space and society,and reveals the practical connotation of the life world from the three aspects of action,history and practice.The third chapter of this essay reflects on Schütz’s philosophy of life world from the perspective of historical materialism on contemporary real life and social and historical relations.Based on the Marxist view of history,author recognizes that the precious value of Schütz’s life world theory cannot be ignored,but at the same time there are bound to be some limitations.The purpose of this thesis is to systematically sort out Schütz’s theory of the world of life from the perspective of historical materialism,and explore the practical significance of this theory,so as to deepen the understanding of it.It is based on contemporary China’s national conditions and hopes to provides some theoretical references of culture and philosophy for the fusion of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit in the new era.