Research On Verb Morphology Of Kongse Dialect Of Daofu Language

Stau(r Ta’u,Daofu)is a Northern Qiangic language of Tibetan-Burmese group,which shares close kinship with languages like r Gyalrongic languages and Khrosgyab language.The town of Khang.gsar(Kongse)is located in the northwestern part of r Ta’u County,in the northwest corner of the Stau language distribution area,and is greatly affected by the surrounding languages.Based on the data collected in actual fieldworks,this article discusses the verb conjugations of Khang.gsar dialect of Stau and some mophological types that use verb conjugations to distinguish meaning.The first chapter of this article briefly introduces the background of this research.The first section introduces the general situation and languages of r Ta’u County;the second section introduces the general situation of Khang.gsar Township;the third section introduces the general situation of Stau language;the fourth section introduces the history and oral tradition of the Stau language area;The fifth section introduces the predecessors’ description and research on Stau language and the naming problem of Stau language;the sixth section introduces the writing background of this article.The second chapter of this article introduces the phonology of Khang.gsar Stau.The first section briefly describes the general phonetic characteristics of Khang.gsar Stau,and the second,third and fourth sections describe in detail the initials,finals and tones of Khang.gsar Stau;in section 5 we briefly introduces the Tibetan loanwords and Chinese loanwords in Khang.gsar Stau,and introduces several historical sound changes that can be derived from early Tibetan loanwords.The third chapter of this article describes in detail the various categories of verbs conjugations in Khang.gsar Stau.The first section of Chapter 3 describes the tense of Khang.gsar Stau,it then describes the aspects of Khang.gsar Stau(perfective,imperfective,durative);in the second section,the voices of Khang.gsar Stau(passive,causative,reciprocal)are introduced;in the third section,we have discribed the directional prefixes of Khang.gsar Stau,with a total of 7 directional prefixes;in the fourth section we describes the personal marks of Khang.gsar Stau;in section 5 the moods of Khang.gsar Stau(indicative,imperative,question marks and negative)are introduced;and in the sixth section,we described the evidentiality of Khang.gsar Stau.In the fourth chapter,we discussed about several problems we’ve found during the description of previous chapters in depth.In the first section,we discussed the relationship between copula,cleft sentences and durative;in the second section,we discussed the origin of the phenomenon that there are causative affixes being used to mark reflexive,and regarded as a relic phenomenon of historical causative structures;in the third section,we discussed the passive affixes and passive sentences in Khang.gsar Stau;in the fourth section,we discribed the slight emotional differences among imperative sentences using different suffixes or affixes.In Chapter five,we compared the verbal conjugations of Khang.gsar Stau with other surrounding languages or dialects.In Section one,we discussed the remnants of absolute tense marks in Khang.gsar Stau,and then we can prove that these absolute tense marks were remnants of a grammatical phenomenon shared by various Northern Qiangic languages through the observed facts that the aspect markers in Khang.gsar Stau aren’t correspond with other West r Gyalrongic languages;in section 2 we compared the passive affixes of Khang.gsar Stau,Khrosgyab and other TibetanBurmese languages,and we can prove that passive affixes of Khang.gsar Stau was an innovative affix within the West r Gyalrongic languages;in the third section we compared the directional affixes between Khang.gsar Stau and other Qiangic languages,and proved that the incorresponding relationship among the Qiangic languages reflects that the directional affixes of the Qiangic languages is produced recently by the legalization of positional adverbs.The sixth chapter of this article is a summary and states the shortcomings of this article.There are three appendices attached to this article.Appendix 1 explains in detail the phonetic correspondence between Tibetan loanwords in Khang.gsar Stau and Tibetan language,and points out that there are more than one layer of Tibetan loanwords in Khang.gsar Stau.We have discussed the different layers of Tibetan loanwords entered Khang.gsar Stau in different time,hence several sound changes in the phonological history of Khang.gsar Stau could be introduced in this section via the difference in loanwords at different layers.Appendix 2 records the vocabulary collected during this investigation.Appendix 3 records the langauge samples collected during this investigation.