A Study On Reproductive Willingness Of Women Of Childbearing Age From The Perspective Of Social Stratification

At present,China's population structure is increasingly characterized by the elderly and fewer children,the child-bearing willingness of the working-age population is constantly decreasing,the total fertility rate of women has been below the replacement level for a long time.The aging phenomenon in China is becoming increasingly serious.To promote the long-term balanced development of population and family harmony and happiness depends on further study of the fertility willingness of women of childbearing age.In this study,the literature review of previous domestic and foreign research on fertility related theories,changes of fertility intention,fertility gender preference,factors affecting fertility intention,the relationship between fertility intention and fertility level,and social stratification was conducted,and it was found that research on fertility intention was rarely conducted directly from the perspective of social stratification.In view of this,from the perspective of social stratification,based on the survey data of CSS2011,CSS2015 and CSS2019,this paper mainly uses the quantitative method and polynomial logistic regression analysis to reveal the class differences and influencing factors of the fertility intention of women of childbearing age in recent 10 years.The data analysis shows that,firstly,the difference of the number of ideal children of women of different professional classes increases,and the role of occupation on the number of ideal children of women of childbearing age becomes increasingly prominent.The higher the status of women of childbearing age is,the more inclined they are to have fewer children.In terms of gender preference,the lower the occupational class status is,the stronger the boy preference is,and the weaker the non-gender preference is.Secondly,the effect of income on the ideal number of children of women of child-bearing age is unstable,but in general,women of child-bearing age in the middle income class have weaker gender preference and stronger desire to do less business.Thirdly,education has a inhibiting effect on the number of ideal children of women of reproductive age,and has a positive effect on reproductive sex preference.With the increase of education level,the number of ideal children of women of reproductive age decreases relatively,and tends to have no gender preference and girl preference.Fourthly,the influence of women's subjective status identification on their ideal number of children is gradually declining,and the subjective middle and lower class women of childbearing age have a stronger desire to have children.In terms of gender preference,middle level women of subjective childbearing age are more inclined to have no gender preference.Fifthly,marriage,age,household registration,ethnicity and region have different effects on the fertility intention of women of childbearing age.Sixth,the gender preference of women of childbearing age is increasingly weakened,but the ideal number of children is not optimistic,the number of children they want to have is lower than the replacement level,and the low fertility rate has not been completely improved.Therefore,it is feasible to liberate fertility restrictions comprehensively.These attempts may provide possible references for improving population quality,especially population structure,and thus promoting balanced population development.In a word,this study enriches the research scope of social stratification to some extent,and on the other hand,it also expands the research field related to fertility intention.However,this paper also has some shortcomings.Future research can include more factors such as birth cost and sex of child order,and explore the relationship between multivariables with the help of structural equation model,so as to further analyze the fertility intention of women of childbearing age,in order to provide a better reference for the formulation of fertility related policies.