Study On Extraction And Separation Of Natural Bioactive Substance From Abalone Viscera

Abalone viscera,as the waste of abalone processing industry,contains rich bioactive substances.To extract this bioactive substances from viscera and develop into functional foods is of great significant meaning to abalone processing industry.At present,the extraction process of the active substances from abalone exist some problems of single extraction,complex process and low extraction efficiency,which can not produce economic benefits.In order to obtain the more effective and profitable extraction methods,a comprehensive extraction procedure was developed,which could obtain several valuable bioactive substances including taurine,polysaccharide,amino acid peptides,fish oil,phospholipid and crude protein by-products from the viscera.The contents and results of this subject were as follows:1.An extracting technology by using hot water extraction in bath was obtained.Three bioactive substances including taurine,amino acid peptides and polysaccharides were obtained.The parameters of operation were optimized,and the feasibility of the extraction process was verified by analyzing and detecting all bio-active substances.The results showed that:when the optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the ratio of material to liquid was 1:2,extracting time was 100 minus and the temperature was 60℃,we obtained taurine extracting rate of 0.12%with a purity of 98.92%,polysaccharides extracting rate of 4.18%with a purity of 52.42%,amino acid peptides with an extraction rate of 1.19%.The taurine crystal obtained met the requirement of national standard of taurine purity.The residual of cadmium in polysaccharides was 1.2mg/kg,which was satisfied with the national standard of health food.Amino acid peptides contain 27.09%amino acids,including 7 essential amino acids.2.We used the abalone visceral been extracted with water as the raw material to extract oil.Through the choice of extraction solvent for fish oil and optimization of degumming process,a suitable process was developed.The quality of sensory,Physical and chemical indicators and fatty acid composition in refined fish oil had been detected.The results showed that:the mixed solvent(a 3:1 ratio of n-hexane to isopropanol)was the optimized one to extract abalone visceral oil.By using acetone extraction combined with emulsification degumming fish oil was obtained.The moisture and volatiles,impurities,acid value,peroxide value and iodine value of the abalone viscera oil were 0.06%、0.08%、2.98mgKOH、4.21mmol/kg、126.8 gI2/100g,respectively,which were measured after refining process.All indicators have reached the standard level of fish oil except the acid value.Using GC-MS technology to detect the fatty acid composition,the results showed that unsaturated fat acid in abalone’s visceral oil accounted for 41.3%,EPA accounted for 8.5%,The omega-6(linoleic acid)to omega-3(alpha linolenic acid)ratio was about 1 to 1.It showed that the abalone viscera oil had high utilization value and development value.3.We extracted phospholipids from abalone oil.The extraction conditions including the ratio of material to liquid,the times of emulsification and the concentration of acetone were optimized and the nutritional status of the phospholipid products was detected by high performance liquid phase and GC-MS.By using 100%acetone,under the ratio of material to liquid was 1:3,after 4 times dispersing of emulsification,the results showed that the content of the extracted phospholipid was the best one.Through HPLC analysis,it could be determined that there were 3 different components in phospholipids,among them one was PE,and the other two were not identified being no standard samples.The results showed that the phospholipid from abalone was different from soy bean phospholipid which contained PC,LPC and SM.The phospholipid fatty acids were detected by GC-MS.The results showed that there were 7 kinds of saturated fatty acids contained in phospholipid with a content of 56.01%,and 10 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids with a content of 28.13%,which had high degree of unsaturation.Among them,the relative content of EPA was 5.16%.