Study On The Effect Of Plant Essential Oil On The Quality Of Wheat And Corn In Storage

As people have gradually put forward higher requirements for food security and green storage for a better life,in order to meet this requirement and better retain the nutritional quality of food,a green and safe food storage technology has been put on the agenda.Traditional phosphine fumigation has adverse effects on food,humans and the environment.Plant essential oils are a type of compound extracted from natural plants,which can act on multiple systems and organs of stored grain pests and are not easy to gentaminata resistance.It has a good effect of fumigating and killing stored grain pests,and will not contaminate the grain and the ecological environment,is harmless to the human body,and can effectively delay the speed of grain deterioration.In this paper,through the avoidance test and fumigation test of different plant essential oils on the Sitophilus Zeamais,the essential oils with better effects were selected and combined,and the mixed plant essential oil stored grain insecticide sustained-release tablets were prepared and applied to the storage of wheat and corn.The quality changes of wheat and corn in different storage periods were studied,and a certain theoretical basis for safe and green grain storage was provided.1.Taking plant essential oils and Sitophilus Zeamaisas as the research objects,the repellent and fumigation effects of five plant essential oils on Sitophilus Zeamais with different treatment concentrations and different treatment times were studied.The results showed that when the treatment time of plant essential oil on Sitophilus Zeamais was the same,as the concentration of plant essential oil continued to increase,both the avoidance rate and corrected mortality rate of Sitophilus Zeamais gradually increased,and the corrected mortality rate also gradually increased.At different treatment times of the same concentration of plant essential oils on the Sitophilus Zeamais,with the increase of the treatment time,the evasion rate and corrected mortality of the Sitophilus Zeamais gradually increased.When the treatment time of 5 kinds of essential oils was 96h and the concentration was 0.5346μL/cm2,the repellent rate of peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil to Sitophilus Zeamais reached 100%and 100%,respectively,and the repellent activity grades were all grade V,and the concentration was 40μL/cm2.40μL/L,the corrected mortality of corn weevil reached 100%and 100%,respectively,and when the treatment time was 24,48,72,96h,the effects of peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil were better than other essential oils in the avoidance and fumigation effect of Sitophilus Zeamais.2.Taking wheat Gaoyou 2018 and corn Zhengdan 958 as the research objects,the fumigation effects of peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil on Sitophilus Zeamais with wheat different volumes were studied,and the wheat and corn were stored using peppermint essential oil and basil essential oil.Changes in physiological and biochemical indexes,processing quality and storage quality of wheat(90d)and corn(75d)during storage.The results showed that with the gradual increase in the volume of wheat,the greater the absorption of wheat to essential oils.Basil essential oil and peppermint essential oil have half of the wheat containing 10%,30%,50%,and 70%by volume.The median lethal doses of basil essential oil and peppermint essential oil were 36.61,105.76,211.37,355.54μL/L,28.36,88.57,178.27,286.69μL/L,respectively at wheat volume percent of 10%,30%,50%,and 70%.Basil essential oil and peppermint essential oil had relatively little effect on the pH value and protein content of stored wheat and corn,and had relatively little effect on the germination rate,electrical conductivity,bulk density,fatty acid value,wet gluten of wheat flour,sedimentation value,and fall value of wheat and corn.The peppermint essential oil changed the factors such as the content of reducing sugar,whiteness value,malondialdehyde content of corn more slowly than the basil essential oil.The deterioration rate of peppermint essential oil was slower than that of basil essential oil.The two essential oil treatments have wheat flour Pasting properties,farinographic properties and The change trend of tensile properties is basically the same,and the Maximum viscosity,End viscosity,Breakdown,and Setback of the Pasting properties of corn flour showed downward trends.The two essential oil treatments indicated the same changing trends of wheat flour pasting,farinographic and extensible properties.3.Taking mixed plant essential oil as the research object,the direct compression method was used to study the effect of diatomaceous earth and mixed essential oil in different proportions,different pressures,and different addition amounts of magnesium stearate on the release rate of stored grain sustained-release tablets.The results showed that the proportion of diatomite to the compound essential oil was 1:1,the pressure was 15MPa,the magnesium stearate was 1%,and the film was a mixture of sodium alginate and chitosan,the prepared sustained-release tablets met the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The SEM showed that some holes in the diatomite disk were sealed by the film agent.At 15 days,the release rate reached more than 50%,showing a good sustained-release effect.4.Taking wheat Gaoyou 2018 and the corn Zhengdan 958 as the research objects,the corrected mortality of the mixed essential oil on the Sitophilus Zeamais in wheat with different volumes was studied.The combined essential oil sustained-release tablets were used to store wheat and corn,and the storage period was explored.Changes in physiological and biochemical indexes,processing quality and storage quality of wheat(90d)and corn(75d)were determined.The median lethal doses of basil essential oil and peppermint essential oil were 22.41,79.41,165.21,273.68μL/L,respectively at wheat volume percent of 10%,30%,50%,and 70%,and the volume of the wheat with the volume increasing,the median lethal doses was also increasing.Compared with the blank treatment of wheat and corn stored in sustained-release tablets,Compared with the blank,the quality indicators of wheat and corn stored in sustained-release tablets were as follows:the germination rate,protein content,sedimentation value,and wet gluten content decreased slowly,while the electrical conductivity,fatty acid value,and malondialdehyde content of corn increased slowly.The Maximum viscosity,End viscosity,Breakdown,and Setback of wheat flour treated with sustained-release tablets showed an upward trend.The development time and stability time in the farinographic properties show a trend of shortening first and then increasing.The area of Energy,Resistance to Extension,Extensibility and Maximum resistance were increasing.When corn had been stored for 15 days,the Maximum viscosity,End viscosity,Breakdown,and Setback of corn flour treated with sustained-release tablets decreased rapidly,but after the 15 days’storage,the gelatinization characteristics changed little.Using sustained-release tablets to store wheat and corn could better retain their quality characteristics.Plant essential oil fumigation not only had a good insecticidal effect,but also can effectively delay the deterioration rate of wheat and corn.It was a green and safe way of storing grain.