Study On The Preventive Of Ganoderma Amboinense Polysaccharide On Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ganoderma has a long history as a medicine and food in China.In 2020,the relevant institutions in China have identified it as a substance that is both a food and a medicine.Ganoderma amboinense(G.amboinense)is a species of Ganoderma.And G.amboinense polysaccharides were considered to be one of the effective ingredients to exert its biological activity.This study mainly completed the optimization of the extraction process of G.amboinense polysaccharide(GAP),chemical conformation characterization,and investigated the effect of GAP in preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)induced by high-fat diet(HFD),and then the mechanism of GAP prevented NAFLD was further revealed by combined with the gut microbiota and metabonomics research.This study has provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of G.amboinense.The experimental results were as follows:(1)The optimal process for extracting G.amboinense polysaccharide was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface method.The material-to-liquid ratio 1:27 g/m L,the extraction time 153 min,and the extraction temperature 92℃.The optimal extraction rate of G.amboinense polysaccharide was 1.62%.(2)G.amboinense polysaccharide has been separated and purified and it was observed by scanning electron microscopy,ultraviolet spectrum scanning,Fourier infrared spectrum scanning,nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,and thermogravimetric analysis for chemical conformation characterization,the results showed that GAP was a small molecular weight(18.8 KDa)polysaccharide composed of glucose,mannose,galactose and fucose.(3)The preventive effect of GAP on HFD-induced NAFLD was evaluated by analysis such as body weight,liver weight,fat pad weight and liver pathology score of mice.The results showed that mice produce NAFLD after 8 weeks HFD-induction,and high-dose GAP could prevent NAFLD in HFD mice.(4)The extent of GAP prevented NAFLD was analysis by glucose tolerance test,liver cell mitochondrial protein content test and serum inflammatory factor level test.The results showed that GAP effectively improved the glucose tolerance of mice,protected the level of mitochondria in the liver of mice,and also avoided inflammation in mice.(5)The effect of GAP on the gut microbiota in HFD mice was analysis by 16 S r DNA sequencing on mouse feces.The results showed that GAP significantly regulated the abundance of Parabacteroides,Bacteroides,and Lachnospiracea＿incertae＿sidis.The gut microbes of these 3 genera may regulated the blood lipid levels,resisted inflammation,and promoted the absorption and utilization of polysaccharides in HFD mice.(6)Through the serum metabolomics analysis,the effect of GAP on metabolic activity in HFD mice was studied.The results showed that the GAP adjusted 18 differential metabolites in HFD mice.These differential metabolites participated in multiple metabolic pathways,promoted lipid transport and protected in the mitochondrial function in HFD mice.Thereby preventing the occurrence of NAFLD.In summary,GAP has a significant preventive effect on HFD-induced NAFLD.GAP may promoted the absorption and utilization of GAP and inhibited inflammation by regulating the gut microbiota,promoted the consumption and transportation of lipids in the liver,avoided lipid accumulation and avoided the decline of glucose tolerance by regulating the metabolic activities in HFD mice.The lipid peroxidation(MDA)and mitochondrial toxin(12(13)-Ep OME)were produced by GAP adjusting the metabolic pathway of AA.These may the prevent ways of GAP to NAFLD.