Evaluation Of Environmental Quality Of Different Beef Farms From Haiyuan County In Ningxia

Environmental factors is a kind of the important factors affecting the production performance of beef cattle.Poor breeding environment will seriously affect the economic benefits of beef cattle farms.At the same time,the waste will be generated in the production process of beef cattle,such as feces,urine and harmful gases.If discharged into the environment,they will damage to the environment and not be conducive to the development of green agriculture.With the rapid development of beef cattle industry,the environment problems have been highlighted,but it is a lack of research on environmental regulation and healthy breeding.In this study,the environmental quality indicators of five different beef farms from Haiyuan county in Ningxia were detected in summer and winter,and the main environmental parameters affecting the growth process of beef cattle were explored.These results will provide the reference for the realization of green and healthy breeding of beef cattle industry in this region.The main contents include:（1）Detection and evaluation of drinking water quality indicators of beef cattle in five beef farms（2）Determination and evaluation of harmful substances in the air and environmental conditions of five beef farms（3）Determination and evaluation of heavy metals in feed,feces and soil of five beef farms.The main research results were as follows:1.In summer and winter,the physical and sensory indexes,chemical indexes and bacteriological indexes of tap water and tank water from five different beef cattle farms（A,B,C,D,E）were detected and compared with the national standards.The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen content in drinking water of beef cattle farms was higher,and its content from A,B and C cattle farms exceeded the national standards and reached 20 mg/L.The total number of colonies and total coliforms in the tank water of each cattle farm exceeded the standard and were much higher than that in the peripheral water,which indicated that the tank water of each cattle farm was subjected to a certain degree of microbial pollution.For the single pollution index of nitrate nitrogen,it was greater than 1 in farm B,according to the national standard to evaluate the drinking water quality of cattle farm.and the evaluation results were unqualified.Other single pollution index of drinking water quality in cattle farms fields was less than 1,and the evaluation result was qualified.2.In summer and winter,the concentrations of harmful substances and environmental parameters in the air from different beef cattle farms at different times（early,middle and late）and different regions（barn,sports field and composting area）were measured.The results were as follows:the formation of N₂O was related to the retention time of feces and urine.The N₂O concentration in C farm was higher,which was associated with no fix time to clean manure.CO₂ concentration in summer is higher than that in winter for all the farms.CO₂ concentration was correlated with environmental parameters（temperature,humidity and wind speed）,CH₄concentration and N₂O concentration.NH₃ concentration was higher in summer than in winter.The change of NH₃ concentration was positively correlated with temperature and humidity.The CH₄ concentration in winter was higher than that in summer.CH₄ concentration was correlated with temperature and CO₂ concentration.Particle concentrations are higher in winter than in summer.According to the national standard to evaluate.the environmental air quality,the single pollution index from each farm was less than 1,and the evaluation results were qualified.3.Six kinds of heavy metals（Cu,Zn,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni）in feed,manure and soil of five different beef cattle farms were determined.The results showed that Cu and Zn had the trend of manure>feed>soil,Cd,Pb and Ni had the trend of soil>manure>feed,Cr had the trend of feed>manure>soil.The heavy metals Cu,Cd,Pb and Cr in the feed exceeded the standard,Zn,Cd,Ni and Cr in the manure of the shed exceeded the standard,Cd and Ni in the manure of the compost area exceeded the standard,and Cd in the soil of the field and the compost area exceeded the standard.According to the national standard to evaluate the soil environmental quality of beef cattle farms,the single pollution index of cadmium in each cattle farm was greater than 1,and the evaluation results were unqualified.In summary,the water quality and heavy metal pollution for all beef cattle farm s need to be improved and the air quality evaluation result of all beef cattle farms is qualified in this study.The concentration of harmful substances in the air changed regularly in the four factors of cattle farms,seasons,time and regions.The concentrations of CO₂,CH₄,NH₃ and particulate matter were showed seasonal difference.The concentration of CH₄ was different between areas;the concentration of N₂O was different between the farms.The above research results provide a reference for the further reduction of harmful substances in the air,and also provide a basis for the realization of green and healthy beef cattle breeding in this region.