Microbial Fermentation Of Artemisia Argyi

Artemisia argyi is a traditional medicinal plant in China,which contains a variety of biological active ingredients.Its extract has antibacterial,insecticidal,antioxidant and other pharmacological activities.Microbial fermentation is a traditional way of processing Chinese medicine,which can reduce toxicity and increase efficiency of Chinese medicine.Work around the microbial fermentation of modified Artemisia argyi,this paper first research on the chemical composition of Artemisia argyi,then,27 endophytic fungi were used to ferment Artemisia argyi to study the changes of its chemical components,antibacterial and anti-acetylcholine activities,so as to screen the bacteria that can improve the antibacterial and anti-acetylcholine activities of Artemisia argyi,and improve the medicinal added value of Artemisia argyi.In the first chapter,the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Artemisia L.and the fermentation current situation of Artemisia L.were reviewed in the past five years.In this chapter,the isolation and identification of sesquiterpenoids,flavonoids,coumarins and essential oils from Artemisia were reviewed.The plant species include Artemisia annua L.,Artemisia argyi and other commonly used Chinese herbs,as well as Artemisia vestita,Artemisia atrovirens and Artemisia selengensis,and summarized the biotransformation and pharmacological activities of Artemisia by microbial fermentation.In the second chapter,the main chemical constituents of Artemisia argyi were studied,including sesquiterpenoids,volatile oils,steroids,polyketones and flavonoids were isolated by various methods of isolation and identification.27 compounds were isolated from Artemisia argyi with the structures identified as caryophyllene oxide(1),eugenol(2),5-heptylresorcinol(3),3β-acetoxy-8,26-cyclo-ursan-20β-ol(4),7R,11Rphytol(5),α-linolenic acid(6),(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester(7),phytyl palmitate(8),phytyl(9Z,12 Z,15Z)-linolenate(9),(3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene(10),12-hydroxyjasmonic acid(11),botryosphaerinone(12),iso-secotanapartholide(13),caryolane-1,9β-diol(14),4α-hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol(15),hanphyllin(16),11α,13-dihydroyomogin(17),Z-isogeranic acid(18),25,26,27-trisnor-3β-acetoxycycloartan-24-oic acid(19),lactariolide Ⅰ(20),salicylis acid(21),4-hydroxyacetophenone(22),eupatilin(23),jaceosidin(24),casticin(25),5,7-dihydroxyflavone(26),hispidulin(27).Among them,15 compounds including 3,4,7-12,14,15,17-20,26 were isolated from Artemisia argyi for the first time.Compounds 3,7-12,14,15,20 were isolated from Artemisia L.for the first time.The antimicrobial activities(Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Canidia albicans)and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of the 27 compounds were determined.Among them,eugenol(2)and lactariolide Ⅰ(20)had inhibitory activities against E.coli,B.subtilis,S.aureus and C.albicans;Caryophyllene oxide(1),botryosphaerinone(12)and salicylis acid(21)showed moderate inhibitory activity against C.albicans with MIC of 128 μg/m L;4-hydroxyacetophenone(22)showed moderate inhibitory activity against E.coli with MIC of 128 μg/m L,but none of the compounds showed anti-acetylcholinesterase activity.In third chapter,27 endophytic fungi were inoculated into Artemisia argyi for solid fermentation for 30 days.Chemical composition of Artemisia argyi and methanol extract of fermented Artemisia argyi were analyzed by TLC and HPLC,and antibacterial activity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the extract were determined.By measuring antibacterial activity,Seven strains of fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus ND57,Penicillium glabrum,Trichoderma koningii,Fusarium oxysporum,Aspergillus niger,Fusarium kyushuense and Xylariaceae sp.were found fermentation of Artemisia argyi could improve the inhibitory activity of Artemisia argyi against E.coli;Ten strains of fungi including A.fumigatus ND57,T.koningii,A.niger,F.kyushuense,Alternaria alternate,Daldinia eschscholtzii,Annulohypoxylon atroroseum,Irpex lacteus,Fusarium solani and Penicillium rubens were found fermentation of Artemisia argyi could improve the inhibitory activity of Artemisia argyi against B.subtilis;In the determination of antiacetylcholinesterase activity,a total of 17 endophytic fungi fermented Artemisia argyi increased its anti-acetylcholinesterase activity.Five strains were Penicillium expansum,A.niger,Penicillium sp.,P.rubens and T.koningiopsis increased the antiacetylcholinesterase activity of Artemisia argyi by more than 20%.