Multifunctional Sponges Based On Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles For Hemostasis And Antibacterial

Uncontrollable hemorrhage and bacterial infections are important causes of high post-traumatic mortality.It is essential to control bleeding and prevent infection through the use of effective hemostatic agents for clinicl application.Current inorganic hemostatic agents are more effective than polymeric hemostatic agents for hemostasis,but suffer from biotoxicity or weak antibacterial ability.In this study,core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by coating silicon dioxide on the surface of calcium peroxide nanoparticles（CaO₂NPs）,forming a simple and efficient new inorganic nanohemostatic antibacterial agent（CaO₂@SiO₂NPs）.Upon contact with blood,the silanol group on the surface of CaO₂@SiO₂NPs and the released H₂O₂and Ca²⁺rapidly cause platelet activation and aggregation and fibrin production,while activating the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascade.The performance of CaO₂@SiO₂NPs sustained release H₂O₂reduces the biotoxicity of calcium peroxide as well as possessing long-lasting antibacterial ability.While induces vascular endothelial cells to overexpress tissue factor to initiate extrinsic pathway lower the risk of secondary bleeding.Furthermore,in order to endow the chitosan sponge with more effective hemostatic and antibacterial effects,a composite sponge(CS-Ca^0.6)was prepared using carboxylated water-soluble chitosan soluble in a slightly alkaline solvent and CaO₂@SiO₂NPs.The nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the structure of CS-Ca^0.6sponge,which increased the roughness and hydrophilicity of the sponge surface and gave the sponge a more rapid and effective clotting and antibacterial ability.The hemostatic and antibacterial properties of CS-Ca^0.6sponge were superior to those of conventional hemostatic gauze and commercial gelfoam in vitro and vivo tests.Rapid hemostasis within 1 min was achieved in a damaged rat femoral artery experiment,in addition to good histocompatibility.Therefore,CS-Ca^0.6sponge is an efficient hemostatic,effiective antibacterial and biosafe multifunctional hemostatic agent.