Pollution Characteristics,sources And Occupational Health Risk Assessment Of Organic Flame Retardants In Indoor Environment Of Electronic Waste Dismantling Plant

In this paper,organic flame retardants,including OPFRs and PBDEs,were studied to investigate the concentration distribution,composition and spatial variation of e-waste plastics and the dust in different functional areas of e-waste dismantling plant.The purpose is to explore the content and influencing factors of organic flame retardants in e-waste plastics and the dust of different functional areas of e-waste dismantling plant,investigate the potential sources of organic flame retardants in the indoor dust of the dismantling plant,preliminarily assess the occupational exposure risk of occupational dismantling workers on this basis.Thus providing a theoretical basis for the addition of organic flame retardants in the production and manufacture of electronic and electrical products,as well as the pollution control of organic flame retardants in the later dismantling and recovery.（1）Three typical electronic waste plastic shells of CRT televisions（n=53）,washing machines（n=18）and air conditioners（n=20）were collected,and the content of OPFRs and PBDEs in the samples was measured.The results showed that the total average concentration of PBDEs in the TV plastic samples was 3.01×10⁶ ng·g^-1,and the highest detection rate in the PBDEs homologues was BDE209（100%）,its content accounts for 86.72%of the total content of PBDEs.The OPFRs monomers accounted for the highest proportion of TPHP in TV plastics,with an average concentration of7339 ng·g^-1,the total average concentration ofΣ₁₀OPFRs was 9939 ng·g^-1.Organic flame retardants were mainly PBDEs,OPFRs accounted for a relatively low proportion.In the washing machine plastic samples,only BDE209 was detected,with a concentration range of N.D-9.41×10⁵ ng·g^-1,the average concentration of OPFRs was972 ng·g^-1,and the main OPFRs monomer was TEHP,with a concentration range of N.D-3113 ng·g^-1.Only OPFRs were detected in the air conditioner plastic samples,and TCEP was the main pollutant in the air conditioner.（2）A total of 32 dust samples were collected from 9 different functional areas in the electronic waste dismantling plant area,TV crushing workshop,CRT dismantling workshop,TV shell interior,washing machine dismantling station,washing machine crushing workshop,circuit board crushing workshop,workshop outside the open space and outside the workshop road,a total of 9 different functional areas.The results showed that the concentration of OPFRs in indoor dust was 9547-3.11×10⁵ ng·g^-1.The concentration of PBDEs is 1.97×10⁴-5.85×10⁶ ng·g^-1,and the organic flame retardants were mainly PBDEs.In terms of monomer composition,PBDEs are mainly BDE209,and the concentration of PBDEs in the dust of the crushing workshop of TV and washing machine shell is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that in other functional areas,which is related to the high concentration of PBDEs in electronic waste plastics and the enrichment of dust.The composition of OPFRs in TV dismantling stations is the highest 1.98×10⁵ ng·g^-1,and the composition of OPFRs monomers is mainly TPHP,followed by TMPP.（3）The migration of OPFRs and PBDEs in the dust of the electronic waste dismantling plant,the inside of the TV set shell,the external open space and the road outside the factory was analyzed.The results showed that the total average concentration ofΣ₁₀OPFRs in the indoor dust of the dismantling plant was the highest(8.06×10⁴ ng·g^-1),followed by 4.34×10⁴ ng·g^-1 inside the TV shell;the content of OPFRs in the indoor dust of the dismantling plant was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the outdoors,which was the point pollution source.The concentration ofΣ₁₀PBDEs in the dust inside the TV shell is 4.73×10⁶ ng·g^-1,indicating that the waste TV is the main source for PBDEs to enter the recycled material flow;the concentration of PBDEs in the indoor dust of the dismantling plant is 1.44×10⁶ ng·g^-1 is significantly higher than that of outdoor dust,and the PBDEs in the outdoor dust may mainly come from the indoor dust of the e-waste dismantling plant.（4）Using the human exposure model recommended by US EPA and combined with the exposure parameters of Chinese groups,the exposure risk of OPFRs and PBDEs of occupational dismantling workers in five different functional areas,including TV dismantling station,TV crushing workshop,CRT dismantling station,washing machine dismantling station and circuit board crushing workshop was evaluated.The results showed that the daily exposure order of OPFRs and PBDEs was ADD_ing>ADD_der>ADD_inh.OPFRs have HI<1 in all functional areas,and there is no non-carcinogenic risk;The non-carcinogenic risk index HI of PBDEs in the TV crushing workshop is 1.25>1,and there is a non-carcinogenic risk;the other functional areas HI<1,and there is no non-carcinogenic risk;CR_T is below the threshold,there is no carcinogenic risk.