| In recent years,the rapid expansion of human activities has led to the degradation of ecosystem services,and the contradiction between humans and nature has become increasingly prominent.Ecological issues have become a hot topic of concern.In this context,it is of far-reaching significance for the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable economic and social development of the region to explore the temporal and spatial evolution law of ecosystem services in the basin and its influencing factors.This article takes the Xinjiang River Basin as the study area,selects 2000,2010,and 2020 as time nodes,and uses the In VEST model to calculate the ecosystem service functions of water conservation,soil conservation,carbon sequestration,and habitat quality in the three phases of the study area.The temporal and spatial evolution law of system service functions and their relationship with different land use types,six natural-socioeconomic factors,including NDVI,slope,precipitation,air temperature,population density,and GDP,were selected,and the random forest model and GTWR model were used to discuss them respectively.The importance of the impact factor to each ecosystem service function and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the positive and negative coefficients of the impact factor are then evaluated and divided into four types of ecosystem service functions.,soil conservation,carbon sequestration,and habitat quality in the study area.Through a series of in-depth analysis,the temporal and spatial differentiation laws of different ecosystem service functions and their influencing factors in the study area from2000 to 2020 were basically found out,in order to provide a scientific and reliable basis for ecological protection and governance in the Xinjiang River Basin.The main conclusions drawn from this artical are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the total amount of water conservation in the study area was25.83×10~8mm,34.29×10~8mm,and 26.25×10~8mm,with significant changes over time;spatially,the water conservation in the eastern region was higher than that in the western region;The amount of water conservation is different,and the specific performance is:forest land>cultivated land>grassland>water area>construction land>unused land;the significance and spatial agglomeration of water conservation cold and hot spots are gradually strengthened.The most significant hot spots are concentrated in the upper reaches of the basin.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the total amount of soil conservation in the study area was1.83×10~9t,2.31×10~9t,and 2.27×10~9t,respectively.The changes in the total amount were small at the time and space scales.Among them,the areas with high soil conservation were mainly distributed in The northeastern and southern regions of the study area,and the low-value areas are mainly distributed in the northwestern and central regions of the study area;the soil conservation of different land types is different,and the specific performance is:forest land>cultivated land>grassland>construction land>water area>unused land.(3)From 2000 to 2020,the total amount of carbon sequestration storage in the study area was 212.64×10~6t,212.60×10~6t,212.97×10~6t,respectively,and the total change and spatial distribution were extremely stable.In the southeast of the area,other high-value areas are scattered in various regions,while the low-value areas are less distributed,mainly in areas with very little construction land and vegetation coverage;the carbon sequestration storage capacity of different land types is different,and the specific manifestations are:Woodland>arable land>grassland>water area>construction land>unused land;the carbon balance area is 15,229.25km~2,accounting for 86.53%of the total,while the carbon source and sink areas are 1,173.92km~2and 1,196.83km~2,respectively,accounting for86.53%.6.67%and 6.80%.(4)The mean values of habitat quality in the study area from 2000 to 2020 were0.6422,0.6323,and 0.5699,respectively,showing a continuous downward trend on the time scale;on the spatial scale,the areas with high habitat quality were mainly distributed in the northeastern and southern regions of the study area.The low-value areas are mainly distributed in the urban construction land area,and show a trend of continuous expansion;the habitat quality of different land types is different,and the specific performance is:forest land>water area>grassland>unused land>cultivated land>construction land.(5)In the process of analyzing the influencing factors of ecosystem services,it is found that,on the whole,the importance of natural factors is higher than that of social and economic factors.Among them,the NDVI factor has the most significant effect,and the slope factor is the most stable.On the contrary,The precipitation and temperature factors are the most unstable;it is worth noting that the importance of socioeconomic factors to the four types of ecosystem services is on the rise,and the proportion of negative coefficients also increases to varying degrees.Therefore,in the follow-up In the work of ecological protection and governance,the research area should focus on strengthening the supervision and control of social and economic factors.(6)In the comprehensive division of the study area from 2000 to 2020,the total area of the general area is 7005.25km~2,3550.09km~2,6778.47km~2,which are mainly distributed in the central and northwestern areas of the study area;the total area of the general important area is 17230.40km~2,28035.04 km~2,20570.88km~2;moderately important areas are 8671.77km~2,18897.73km~2,13553.31km~2;highly important areas are 2524.10km~2,6320.69km~2,4746.02km~2;extremely important areas are 355.63km~2,756.00km~2,657.94km~2,mainly distributed in the southeast of the study area.By analyzing the evolution of area and spatial distribution of regions with different importance levels,the regional pertinence of ecological optimization and ecological conservation work in the study area can be improved. |
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