| In view of cadmium pollution in some mining areas of Inner Mongolia wheat grain cadmium problem,the test set for the wheat and sunflowers interplanting(WS),wheat and corn interplanting(WM),sunflower monoculture(S),maize monoculture(M)and wheat monoculture(W)five processing,research the soil physical and chemical properties under different interplanting patterns change and the change of soil cadmium form and effective mode,And the effect on the enrichment and transport coefficients of plant organs.The results show that:1.The grain yield of wheat,maize and sunflower under different intercropping modes was increased.The grain yield of wheat under WS and WM intercropping modes was increased by 26.4% and 16.7% compared with that of W.Sunflower yield under WS was increased by 16.2% compared with THAT under S,and maize yield under WM was increased by 26.0% compared with that under M.At the same time,WS and WM intercropping mode increased the economic benefit by 1000-1200 yuan /hm2 compared with monoculture mode.2.Different intercropping modes can change the form and available content of soil cadmium to a certain extent.The content of available cadmium in WS intercropping system was 23.5% lower than that in S,and that in WM intercropping system was 11.5% lower than that in W.The proportion of organic bound cadmium content in WS and WM intercropping modes was 16.4% lower than that in S,and that in WM intercropping mode was 14.3% lower than that in M.The residual cadmium content increased by 15.0% and 12.8%.3.Under different intercropping modes,cadmium content in all organs of biennial wheat was lower than that in single cropping W.Compared with W,the cadmium content in seeds of WS and WM intercropping modes in 2020 and 2021 decreased by 40.8% and 21.8%,respectively,and 22.8% and 13.5%,respectively.The CD transport coefficient of wheat grains under different intercropping modes was lower than that under mono cropping,WM leaf transport coefficient increased by 10.0% and WS grain transport coefficient decreased by 35.7%.4.Soil catalase,urease and sucrase activities under different intercropping modes were significantly increased by 16.4%-17.8%,12.8%-27.6% and 21.9%-41.3% compared with monoculture W(P <0.05);Soil microbial biomass c and N increased 13.4% and 15.7% under WS and WM compared with W,respectively.Fungal α diversity Chao1 index of WS model increased by 82.5% and 72.8% compared with S and W,respectively.Fungal α diversity Chao1 index of WM model increased by 57.9% and 31.1% compared with M and W,respectively.The Observed species index,Shannon index and Simpson index were the largest in WS intercropping mode,and significantly higher than that in W monoculture.Bacterial α diversity Chao1 index was the largest in WM intercropping system,which increased by 6.8% and 4.9% compared with M and W,respectively.5.Under different intercropping modes,p H,organic matter and bulk density in WS mode increased by 1.7%-6.8%,7.9%-34.9% and 4.2%-6.0%(P <0.05)compared with W mono-cropping.Compared with W,p H,organic matter and bulk density in WM mode increased by 1.6%-3.7%,13.2%-17.2% and 2.8%%-5.4% respectively.The contents of soil available K,available P and alkali-hydrolysable N increased by 10.5%,25.8% and 27.6%under WS and 9.8%,50.2% and 30.7% under WM intercropping,respectively.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium increased by 16.4%,7.1% and 5.8% in WS and 11.5%,2.0% and 11.8% in WM intercropping,respectively.In conclusion,different intercropping modes improved soil physical and chemical properties,microbial diversity and other biological traits,and then affected the morphological transformation of soil cadmium and the reduction of available cadmium content,and reduced the accumulation of soil cadmium into grains.Among them,wheat intercropping mode was better than sunflower mode.At the same time,intercropping mode significantly improved crop yield and economic benefit.In conclusion,the wheat intercropping sunflower model can be used as a safe technology choice for the use of cadmium contaminated fields. |
PDF Full Text Request