Study On Preparation And Adsorption Applications Of Typha Orientalis-Derived Carbon Aerogels

The overconsumption of fossil fuels has caused environmental pollution and energy storage gaps.The growing demand for renewable energy has spurred the development of highsecurity,high-stability,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.The development of energy storage materials is the key to solving the problem of energy storage utilization.Various materials are widely used in the field of energy storage.Carbon aerogels（CAs）have become strong candidates for gas adsorption materials due to their high porosity,high specific surface area,and three-dimensional adjustable structure.Among their various preparation precursors,natural cellulose is favored for its abundant resources,biocompatibility,and non-pollution.Finding a large amount of cheap fiber plant resources is essential for industrial applications.In addition,the application of CAs has problems such as low pore space utilization rate and obvious dependence on specific surface area.Therefore,it is necessary to develop multifunctional applications of materials and carrid out the research on strengthen adsorption.This study utilized typha orientalis（TO）as a raw material to synthesize TO cellulose aerogels（CAs）through acid hydrolysis,which maximally preserved the original structure.The resulting material exhibited ultra-high specific surface area of 1840 m²/g,superhydrophobicity,and well-developed pore size distribution.Due to its exceptional microporous volume and abundant functional groups,CAs can serve as multifunctional adsorption materials and be applied in various fields.Results indicated that the material displayed adsorption capacities of 0.6 wt%for hydrogen,16 mmol/g for CO₂,123.31 mg/g for o-xylene,and 124.57 mg/g for odichlorobenzene at room temperature.After four cycles of thermal regeneration,the adsorption capacity of o-xylene decreased by only 12%,indicating that cellulose CAs have good reusability and expected be applied in the removal of dioxins.However,the adsorption mainly relied on physical adsorption,and although the adsorption and desorption were rapid,it was highly dependent on the material’s specific surface area and sensitive to temperature changes.Therefore,to realize the synergistic enhanced storage capacity by chemical and physical adsorption on carbon aerogels,this study achieved the uniform co-doping of Ni-N by impregnation method and investigated the enhanced hydrogen storage and carbon capture properties through atomic doping.Characterization results demonstrated the formation of Ni-N bond and the mutual influence between co-doped atoms.The various forms of nickel nanoparticles enable the dissociation of molecular hydrogen and its adsorption onto the surface or inside of the material via chemical means,and the nitrogen atoms are in the vicinity of the C-C bond,the charge is transferred to the N atoms,which helps the material to interact with the surrounding hydrogen atoms,resulting in a nearly 30%increase in hydrogen storage capacity,reaching 0.80 wt%.N-doping helps to improve the alkalinity of the material surface,thereby enhancing the adsorption of acidic gases,with a CO₂ adsorption capacity of up to 17.1 mmol/g.Desorption curves confirmed the synergistic enhanced effect on physical and chemical adsorption,which makes the material suitable for more complex application environments.Finally,to meet the specific requirements of VOCs molecule adsorption for meso-pore size,the controllable regulation of material specific surface area and pore size distribution is achieved through the growth of surface "fuzzy-like" carbon nanotubes（CNTs）.By varying the deposition conditions,CNTs with different growth qualities were synthesized and investigated the effect of material microstructure on VOCs removal efficiency.The results showed that the deposition temperature affected the growth structure of CNTs,the deposition time affected the generation of multi-walled CNTs,and the deposition concentration affected the multilayer growth of CNTs network.In addition,the interlocking network structure between CNTs became a natural VOCs capture network,and samples under suitable conditions showed a more than 30%increase in adsorption capacity,with adsorption capacities of 145 mg/g for ortho-xylene and 178.3 mg/g for ortho-dichlorobenzene.In summary,this study successfully prepared high-performance TO cellulose aerogels while maintaining the original unique structure.The cross-domain interchangeability greatly reduces the production and processing costs of materials,and the efficient modification method provides a new approach to prepare high-performance hydrogen storage and carbon capture materials.