Study On Ecological Security Pattern Around The Hangzhou Bay Based On MCR Model

With the continuous advancement of economic globalization,the Bay area has gradually formed large urban agglomerations with spatial agglomeration due to its unique geographical advantages and ecological environment,and has become the main stage of world economic development.High-quality Marine resources and ecological environment are important support and core competitiveness for the development of the Bay Area.They are also an inevitable requirement for building a high-quality development model.However,the rapid development of social economy has led to a serious overdraft of the ecosystem,and various natural ecological problems have gradually emerged,such as the degradation of ecological service functions,the sharp reduction of wetland beach area,and the regional ecological security has been threatened.Therefore,to improve the ecological environment of the Bay Area has become an urgent problem to be solved,which is the internal demand and inevitable choice of the sustainable development of the Bay Area.Therefore,this paper takes the Hangzhou Bay as the research object.According to the multivariate data of land use in 2020,software such as Arc GIS,Fragstats and Surfer is used to preprocess the data,and literature research method is used to sort out the existing papers.On this basis,water retention,carbon storage and sequestration,soil and water conservation and biodiversity function were evaluated by In VEST model.The ecological sensitivity was evaluated from the aspects of natural environment,landscape habitat and human disturbance by comprehensive index method,and the index weight was determined by AHP.The spatial distribution of ecological source areas was defined based on the "importance-sensitivity" evaluation results.Using night light data to correct the basic resistance surface based on land use;MCR model was used to extract ecological corridor and construct ecological security pattern in the Hangzhou Bay.Finally,the land use situation in the Hangzhou Bay in 2035 was simulated,and the overall optimization strategy of ecological security pattern and ecological environment control measures were proposed.The main research results and conclusions are as follows:(1)According to the evaluation results of ecosystem service function: The Hangzhou Bay is healthy and healthy,and the spatial differentiation of the evaluation results is obvious,with the overall distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the east,high in the south and high in the north.The area of the extremely important ecosystem service function in the Bay area is 19,617.51 km2,accounting for 36.05% of the total area of the Bay Area,which is the highest proportion of ecosystem service function around Hangzhou Bay.The highly important area is 12156.57 km2,accounting for 22.34% of the total area of the Bay Area.The moderately important area is 13358.19km2,accounting for24.54% of the total area of the Bay Area.The general significant area is 9292.43km2,accounting for 17.07% of the total area of the Bay Area.(2)According to the evaluation results of ecological sensitivity,it can be seen that the ecological sensitivity of Hangzhou Bay is high in the west and low in the east and high in the south and low in the north.The Bay Area has a high degree of ecological sensitivity and is easily affected by human production and life.The extremely sensitive area around Hangzhou Bay is 10561.21km2,accounting for 20.25% of the total area of the bay area.The highly sensitive grade area is 21388.06 km2,accounting for 41.00% of the total area of the bay area,which is the highest proportion in the assessment of ecological sensitivity.The moderately sensitive area was 11996.03 km2,and its proportion was 23.00%.The general sensitive grade area is 8218.35 km2,accounting for 15.75% of the total area of the Bay Area.(3)According to the results of ecological security pattern construction,the ecological source area was 19,575.00 km2,accounting for 37.70% of the total area of the bay area,indicating that the ecological matrix around Hangzhou Bay was at a high level,including25 ecological patches,which were mainly distributed in Hangzhou,Shaoxing,Ningbo and Huzhou,presenting the characteristics of centralized contiguity.The resistance surface is set according to the spatial distribution law of higher resistance value the closer to the urban construction area and lower resistance value the closer to the forest and grass area.Ecological nodes in the Bay Area are mainly distributed in the Tianmu Mountain,Qianligang Mountain,Kuaiji Mountain and Tiantai Mountain areas,which have high ecosystem service capacity.There are 20 ecological corridors,with a total length of2651.349 km.On the whole,they are characterized by dense south and sparse north.They are distributed in an arc from northwest to southeast,connecting ecological nodes of the Bay Area in series and forming an important ecological corridor running through the east and west.(4)According to the final evaluation results of the ecological security pattern,this paper proposes optimization strategies,control measures and development suggestions for the ecological security pattern around Hangzhou Bay from three perspectives:natural-social-economic.The optimization strategies include increasing the protection and nurturing of ecological sources to maintain the habitat quality of the bay area,strengthening the maintenance and comprehensive improvement of ecological corridors to promote the circulation of materials and energy,and promoting the restoration of ecological nodes and obstacles to improve the landscape standing conditions.Control measures include strengthening government management and supervision to improve the level and capacity of governance;improving the ecological system and legal system to implement and enforce control measures;raising awareness of ecological protection and forming a multiparty protection body of government,enterprises and citizens.Development suggestions include rationalizing the regional industrial pattern and building "green carbon" and "blue carbon" industries;strengthening environmental protection funding support to achieve sustainable economic development;and improving science and technology to empower ecological security services.