Preparation And Zinc Storage Performance Of Carbon Materials Derived From 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride

As the energy crisis intensifies and the environment deteriorates,people are urgently pursuing environmentally friendly and low-cost high-efficiency electrochemical energy storage systems.With the advantages of high energy density,environmental friendliness and low price,aqueous zinc ion battery has become a promising next-generation energy storage device.However,the lack of suitable cathode materials has seriously hindered the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries.Currently,among the reports on cathode materials for zinc ion batteries,carbon material is one of the most popular anode materials due to its various advantages.In this project,three porous carbon materials with different properties were prepared by using low-cost and green 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride（PTCDA）as precursors,which were applied to zinc ion capacitors and zinc-iodine（Zn-I₂）batteries with good results.The details of the study are as follows.Based on the template effect and explosive effect,a N,O co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon networks（NPCN）was fabricated via KOH and Zn（NO₃）₂synergistic activation of PTCDA.The material exhibited high specific surface area,suitable pore structure,abundant defects and appropriate heteroatom doping level,which provided abundant active sites for Zn²⁺storage.As a result,the assembled Aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors exhibited excellent electrochemical performance(reversible specific capacity up to 189.3 m Ah g^-1,energy density of 160.9 Wh kg^-1,and power density of 17.0 k W kg^-1)and good cycling stability（92.5%retention upon 6000 cycles）.More encouragingly,the same superior performance at high load(170.0 m Ah g^-1capacity at 0.1 A g^-1)verified that the material had good potential for commercial application.Porous carbon material（AC）with high density micropores was prepared for iodine loading by regulating the ratio of the pore-forming agent using PTCDA as the carbon source and KOH as the activator.The abundant microporous pores could firmly adsorb iodine,resulting in an iodine loading capacity of 59.5%and achieving efficient iodine loading.In addition,the hierarchical porous structure and conductive carbon skeleton enabled high-speed ion and electron transport in the electrode.The assembled Zn-I₂battery exhibited a discharge capacity of 140.7 m Ah g^-1at 0.1 A g^-1.The specific capacity can still be maintained at 88.1m Ah g^-1after 6000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g^-1,with a capacity retention rate of 90%.An ultra-high area capacity of 2.89 m Ah cm^-2can be obtained with a loading of 24 mg cm^-2electrode,showing superior performance.The insulating property of iodine was also a key obstacle limiting the high magnification performance of Zn-I₂batteries.A 3D porous carbon network with high graphitization degree was prepared by simultaneous activation and graphitization of PTCDA using as K₂FeO₄as activator.The high specific surface area can effectively adsorb iodine by physical interaction,while promoting ion diffusion and electrolyte infiltration.The highly graphitized carbon could provide excellent electronic conductivity.In addition,the Fe heterogeneity contained in the SC can offer a large number of active sites to catalyze the reversible conversion of iodine,ensuring its excellent electrochemical performance.When assembled into batteries for testing,it showed excellent rete performance with capacity retention up to 54.3%from 0.1 to 10 A g^-1.And the coulomb efficiency was maintained at around 100%throughout the long cycle of over 4500cycles.The self-discharge test and ex-situ UV test further demonstrated the effective suppression of iodine"shuttle effect"by the excellent structure.