| The ecological security of arable land is an important part of natural ecological security,which is related to food security,land degradation,biodiversity decline and human survival,and is a major challenge to China’s resource and environmental security.The research on arable land protection with the level of ecological security as the starting point is of practical significance to uphold the red line of arable land protection,implement the "Trinity" protection of arable land and promote the construction of ecological civilization.In the context of globalization,the border area is an important strategic support area for China’s "One Belt and One Road" initiative and the implementation of the "Action to Prosper the Border and Enrich the People" as well as the creation of a new land and sea corridor in the west,and a sensitive area for international competition for penetration.Guangxi’s Sino-Vietnamese border area is adjacent to the complex geopolitical and economic environment around it,and has become a bridgehead area for foreign economic,trade and humanistic exchanges,relying on unique regional advantages and national policy support.However,with the rapid economic development of the border ports,there are obvious changes in the land use structure,especially the phenomenon of unreasonable use of arable land,and the economic development and ecological protection of arable land in the border area present an unbalanced situation.Therefore,the study of arable land ecological security can protect and manage the arable land at the border more effectively and discover the main problems facing arable land ecological security,with a view to providing some reference for making comprehensive risk prevention decisions at the border.In view of this,this paper takes 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2018 as the research time points,and eight counties(cities and districts)in the border zone between China and Vietnam in Guangxi as the research area.Firstly,based on the understanding of the current situation of nature,economy,ecology and arable land use in the study area,the evaluation index system of arable land ecological security with the framework of "PSR-EES"(pressure-state-response-Ecology-Economy-Society)is constructed;secondly,the normal cloud model of artificial intelligence is invoked to evaluate the arable land Secondly,an artificial intelligence normal cloud model is used to evaluate the ecological safety of farmland.Relying on the MATLAB platform,the cloud model algorithm is used to obtain the characteristic parameters of the normal cloud model,and the comprehensive evaluation cloud map of each index is drawn by the forward cloud generator,which is combined with the cloud similarity to determine the evaluation grade of the ecological security of cultivated land along the Guangxi-China-Vietnam border based on the principle of maximum affiliation.For the comprehensive evaluation results,Arc GIS geostatistical analysis tool is used to visualize the evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of ecological security of cultivated land in the study area.Finally,the obstacle degree diagnostic model is applied to discover the main obstacle factors that restrict the level of ecological safety of cultivated land in the region.Based on the evaluation results and the main obstacle factors discovered,some suggestions are provided for protecting the ecological security of cultivated land in the border zone between China and Vietnam in Guangxi,taking into account the actual situation of the region.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The ecological safety level of arable land in Guangxi China-Vietnam border zone fluctuates and tends to be better,changing from sensitive level to general level,and the ecological safety of arable land gradually improves.2000-2010,the ecological safety level of arable land in Guangxi China-Vietnam border zone has been at level Ⅳ,and its affiliation degree is 37.07,38.02 and 39.25 respectively,and the ecological safety of arable land is at a poor level.From 2015 to2018,the ecological safety of arable land in the border zone between China and Vietnam in Guangxi has improved,from grade IV to grade III,with the affiliation degrees of 39.07 and 39.58 respectively.from the situation of the affiliation degrees of each grade,the affiliation degrees of grade V show a decline(2000-2005)-an increase(2005-2010)-decreasing(2010-2018)trend;the affiliation degree of level IV shows a slow increase(2000-2010)and gradually decreasing(2010-2018)trend;the affiliation degree of level III has been steadily The affiliation degree of level Ⅱhas two stages,from 2000 to 2015,the affiliation degree continues to increase,and after 2015,the growth rate slows down;the affiliation degree of level Ⅰ shows a "slow-fast" trend of improvement.(2)There are significant differences in the ecological safety level of arable land among counties in the border zone between China and Vietnam in Guangxi.The ecological safety level of arable land is in the "Z" type development stage of "sensitive-sensitive-sensitive-averageaverage",and the ecological safety of arable land shows the characteristics of phase change.2000,the ecological safety pressure of arable land in the border counties of Guangxi-China-Vietnam mainly exists in 3 types In 2005,there existed 2 types: general(level Ⅱ)including Fangcheng District,Jingxi City and Ningming County;sensitive(level Ⅳ)including Pingxiang City,Napo County,Dongxing City,Longzhou County and Daxin County.2010,there existed 2 types: general(level Ⅲ)including Fangcheng District,Jingxi City and Ningming County;sensitive(level Ⅳ)including Pingxiang City,Napo County,Dongxing City,Longzhou County and Daxin County.2010,there existed 2 types.General(Class III)includes Fangcheng District and Dongxing City;Sensitive(Class IV)includes Napo County,Jingxi City,Longzhou County,Daxin County,Pingxiang City and Ningming County.2 out of 2 types exist in 2015: General(Class III)includes for Napo County,Pingxiang City,Longzhou County,Fangcheng District and Daxin County;Sensitive(Class IV)includes Jingxi City,Ningming County and Dongxing City.2 out of 2 types exist in 2018: General(Class III)includes for Daxin County,Pingxiang City,Ningming County,Longzhou County,Dongxing City and Fangcheng District;sensitive(level IV)includes Napo County and Jingxi City.(3)The pressure of arable land ecological protection increases in stages,the state of arable land ecological security basically remains stable,and the response measures for arable land protection are slightly effective.2000-2018,there are five spatial resistance patterns of arable land ecological security on the border between China and Vietnam in Guangxi,and the spatial distribution of resistance types shows significant regional characteristics.In terms of overall arable land ecological security barrier degree,the border area has response barrier degree and pressure barrier degree as the two dominant resistance types.From the evolution of the spatial distribution of resistance types of ecological safety barrier degree of cultivated land in each(county and city),it was found that system pressure barrier degree and system response barrier degree were dominant in the northwestern region of the study area,system response barrier degree always dominated in the central region,and system pressure barrier degree,system state barrier degree and system response barrier degree were the primary barrier factors in the southeastern region,respectively.(4)Five factors,namely,economic pressure,environmental state,economic state,environmental response and economic response,were the main barrier factors affecting the ecological safety of cultivated land in Guangxi China-Vietnam border from 2000-2018.From the main obstacle factors of ecological safety of arable land in Guangxi China-Vietnam border belt in2000-2018,those with high obstacle degree ranking and high frequency of obstacle factors were social pressure,social state,social response and environmental pressure,which appeared 8 times respectively;followed by economic state,which appeared 5 times.From the diagnosis of the main obstacle factors of ecological security of cultivated land in each county,the obstacle factors with high ranking of obstacle degree and high frequency are border trade volume,tourism income,biological richness,GDP per land,agricultural and electricity intensification,greening coverage of built-up area,water and soil coordination,replanting index,number of domestic waste transfer and net income per farmer.These obstacle factors are the key to restrict the improvement of ecological security level of cultivated land in Guangxi China-Vietnam border area.(5)The low level of socio-economic development,poor natural environmental conditions of arable land and low level of social security are the main reasons to restrict the improvement of ecological security level of arable land in the border areas of China and Vietnam.Improve the compensation mechanism for border arable land and delineate national strategic basic farmland;actively carry out quality monitoring of arable land and build an early warning mechanism for ecological security;guide the transformation of border land use and coordinate the orderly development of economic resources;reduce the ecological and environmental load of arable land and protect the ecological and environmental security of arable land;increase investment in agricultural infrastructure and improve the production efficiency of border arable land. |
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