Research On Blockchain-based Carbon Emission Data Security Model

With the introduction of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,there is an urgent need to promote carbon reduction in the power sector.Carbon quotas serve as an efficient policy tool to facilitate carbon reduction in the electricity industry,and their allocation is primarily based on benchmark values.However,the effectiveness of benchmark values depends on the quality of carbon emission data from thermal power plants,making the quality of carbon emission data crucial for the progress of carbon reduction in the power sector.Currently,carbon emission data is stored in centralized institutions,which can lead to issues such as data tampering and single-point failures.Further research is needed to explore how to achieve secure carbon emission data.To address these issues,this paper proposes a research study on a blockchain-based model for securing carbon emission data.Firstly,a security model for carbon emission data from thermal power plants is established,consisting of three layers:the physical layer,virtual layer,and application layer.The physical layer comprises a carbon emission data center and numerous thermal power plants,aiming to establish a trust alliance and remove information barriers among multiple institutions.The virtual layer utilizes consortium blockchain technology to build a blockchain platform that meets the requirements for secure storage and reliable interaction of carbon emission data.The application layer encapsulates the main applications of the model.Secondly,a high-scalable and highly reliable blockchain architecture for authentic carbon emission data is constructed,consisting of the data layer,network layer,consensus layer,incentive layer,contract layer,and application layer.This architecture enables distributed verification,storage,and queiying of carbon emission data.Next,a dual-chain structure consisting of a communication chain and a storage chain is designed.The communication chain nodes are primarily used for carbon emission data verification and determining whether a collective decision block can be added to the chain,while the storage chain nodes are mainly used for distributed storage of carbon emission data.In a blockchain verification simulation experiment with eight blockchain nodes,the communication time between two nodes under the dual-chain structure is more than 30%shorter than the communication time between two nodes under the single-chain structure.This indicates that under the dual-chain structure,only the communication chain nodes participate in block verification,resulting in low communication overhead and efficient interaction of massive carbon emission data.Lastly,this paper proposes a node updating strategy considering carbon reduction incentives.This strategy comprehensively considers the carbon emission compliance ratio,carbon emission reduction,and reputation score of thermal power plants,and guides carbon reduction in thermal power plants through the coordination of node type updating and carbon quota incentives.Additionally,simulation experiments on node updating validate the applicability of this strategy,providing a reference for future applications of secure carbon emission data models.