Characteristics Of Heavy Metal Pollution In Different Environmental Media And Health Assessment

With the rapid development of China’s urbanization process,the national environmental quality has been greatly improved,but the pollution situation is still very serious.The latest national soil pollution survey results show that the exceedance rate of heavy metal elements in agricultural land has reached more than20%,among which the exceedance rate of As,Pb,Cd and Cr elements is very obvious and has caused great threat to people’s health.Research shows that almost 80%of China’s water environment suffers from different degrees of heavy metal pollution,heavy metals in the water body will be attached to the surface of microorganisms with microbial migration and transformation,people through the hand and mouth ingestion thus causing serious harm to the body.In recent years,the problem of heavy metal pollution in the air has received widespread attention,as heavy metal elements in the air are difficult to degrade and bioaccumulative,and can enter the human body through breathing and other means to induce respiratory diseases.However,existing studies only analyze the level of heavy metal contamination in a single environmental medium,and few studies have been reported on the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in various environmental media and human heavy metal levels.Therefore,the study of human health problems caused by heavy metal elements in different environmental media is particularly important.By analyzing the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in different environmental media in Jilin Province,this paper studies the sources and influencing factors of heavy metals in different environmental media and the health risks caused to human beings,aiming to provide theoretical support for carrying out sustainable development of the environment.Therefore,the main research contents of this paper are divided into the following aspects:（1）Kriging approach is used to describe the temporal and spatial distribution,pollution characteristics and change trend of heavy metals in different environmental media.（2）The principal component analysis method is used to explore the source of heavy metal pollution,fundamentally control the source of pollution,and provide a theoretical basis for reducing heavy metal pollution.The linear correlation between the content of heavy metals in human body and heavy metals in various environmental media is obtained through multiple linear regression equation.（3）Calculate the potential ecological hazard index（RI）and metal pollution degree of heavy metals,and obtain the ecological pollution of heavy metals in different environmental media.Aiming at the health problems caused by heavy metals in soil,surface water and air to different people,the health risk model of heavy metals in soil,surface water and air was used to evaluate the health risk of heavy metals in soil,surface water and air.The results showed:1.The concentration of heavy metals in different environmental media in Jilin Province is generally higher than the local background value,and different heavy metal elements in the soil are polluted to a certain extent in various cities.Changchun,Jilin and Yanji are the main pollution circles of different heavy metal elements in surface water,Changchun and Jilin are the main pollution circles in the air,and the overall heavy metal pollution level in Tonghua and Baishan areas is relatively light.Different environmental media are mainly polluted by Changchun and Jilin.This is because Changchun is the capital of Jilin Province and Jilin is the second largest developing city in Jilin Province,with a large population and rapid economic development.According to the GDP data released by Jilin Provincial Bureau of statistics in 2020,Changchun and Jilin rank the top two in terms of GDP.Agriculture,metal smelting industry,transportation industry and automobile industry are relatively developed,resulting in a large number of heavy metals entering the environmental media,Cause certain pollution to different environmental media.2.The primary source of heavy metal pollution in soil is metallurgical production,accounting for 50.011%of all sources,followed by agricultural production process,accounting for 24.339%of all sources.The primary source of heavy metal pollution in surface water is industrial production,accounting for 71.218%of all sources,followed by domestic waste and sewage,accounting for11.294%of all sources.The primary source of heavy metal pollution in the air is the mixed source of biomass combustion and coal combustion,accounting for 73.972%of all sources,followed by automobile exhaust emission,accounting for 14.572%of all sources.The concentrations of heavy metals in soil,surface water and air all have a great impact on human body,and enter the human body through various ways,causing great harm to human health.3.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic exposure of five heavy metals in different environmental media to adults and children is mainly adding,followed by add_der,and add_inh is the smallest.Heavy metals in different environmental media have non carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to different populations.Heavy metals in different environmental media have low ecological risk,among which only Pb in the air has medium ecological risk.